DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA DNA.DNA - the blueprint of life. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Presentation transcript:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA DNA.DNA - the blueprint of life. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.

DNA Why do we study DNA? We study DNA for many reasons its central importance to all life on Earth medical benefits such as cures for diseases better food crops

Chromosomes and DNA Genes are places on chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of a chemical called DNA.

The Shape of the Molecule DNA is a very long polymer. The basic shape - a twisted ladder or zipper. –a double helix

The Double Helix Molecule has two strands twisted together.

One Strand of DNA One strand of DNA is a polymer of nucleotides One strand of DNA has millions of nucleotides nucleotide

Nucleotides CC C O Phosphate O C C O -P O O O deoxyribose (sugar) bonded to a phosphate and nitrogenous base Nitrogenous base Deoxyribose

One Strand of DNA The side of the ladder is phosphate and deoxyribose. The steps are the bases. phosphate deoxyribose bases

Nitrogenous Bases PURINESPURINES Adenine (A) 1.Adenine (A) Guanine (G) 2.Guanine (G) PYRIMIDINESPYRIMIDINES Thymine (T) 3.Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) 4.Cytosine (C)

Important: Adenine and Thymine always join together A T Cytosine and Guanine always join together C G

DNA by the numbers Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times.

Genetic Diversity… Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in DNA provides for DIVERSITY among living organisms.Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in DNA provides for DIVERSITY among living organisms.

The Code of Life… The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur. A T C G T A T G C G G…