Personality. 2 3-11-2009 “Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Which Theory Best Explains Human Behavior?
Advertisements

Personality: Some Definitions
What is personality? An individual’s unique patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations.
I. Personality chapter 2. Defining personality and traits Personality Distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions.
Personality. An individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Elements of Personality
Personality Development, Trait and Self Theories Personality Development Theories –Psychodynamic Approach- Freud –Adler’s Individual Psychology Theory.
Understanding Psychology 6th Edition Charles G. Morris and Albert A
Personality.  A distinctive pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual over time.
WHS AP Psychology Unit 10: Personality Essential Task 10-2:Compare and contrast Freud’s psychodynamic theories to the theories of the other Neo-Freudians.
Personality Do you have one????. Different Perspectives Psychodynamic –Unconscious, sexual, motivation, conflict Humanistic –Positive growth, realization.
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
Theories of Personality
Personality An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
PSYCHOLOGY:.
Unit 10: Personality.
Psychology: An Introduction Charles A. Morris & Albert A. Maisto © 2005 Prentice Hall Personality Chapter 10.
Psychodynamic Theory Sigmund Freud.
Chapter 11 Personality This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance.
Personality liudexiang. Overview Personality Psychodynamic theories Humanistic personality theories Personality assessment.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 13: Personality.
PERSONALITY Fast Track Chapter 10 (Bernstein Chapter 14) Fast Track Chapter 10 (Bernstein Chapter 14)
Ch 14 Personality Theory Notes.
UNIT 10.  The Psychoanalytic Perspective The Psychoanalytic Perspective  The Humanistic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective  The Trait Perspective.
Chapter 10: Personality Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Personality The pattern of enduring.
Ch. 11 Personality.
The Trait Perspective  Thinking About Psychology  Module 26.
Personality. Pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is characteristic of an individual. Psychoanalytic perspective Humanistic perspective Trait.
Chapter 12 Personality: Theory, Research, and Assesment.
Perspectives of Personality psychology. Psychoanalytic Freud Focused on: - Unconscious –Childhood experiences –Internal forces (id, ego, superego) Psychosexual.
Choose a category. You will be given the answer. You must give the correct question. Click to begin.
Chapter 12 PersonalityPersonality: Theory, Research, and Assessment.
Psychology: An Introduction Charles A. Morris & Albert A. Maisto © 2005 Prentice Hall Personality Chapter 11.
Personality Chapter 10.
Personality Psychoanalysis The Cognitive Social-Learning Approach The Humanistic Approach The Trait Approach.
Personality. The organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one another.
Personality What is your personality?. What are the ideas about personality? Psychoanalytic Humanistic Trait Social cognitive The self.
Introduction to Psychology Personality. Plan for Today Psychoanalytic theory Cognitive and Social Learning theory Humanistic theory Trait theory.
Chapter 15: Defining Personality
Personality Review Game. Define personality. Our pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. (thoughts, emotions and behavior) Our pattern of feeling, thinking.
© Prentice Hall, 1999 Personality. © Prentice Hall, 1999 What is personality? An individual’s unique patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that.
Humanistic Personality Theory People are a “genetic blueprint, to which substance is added as life progresses” ~Carl Rogers.
Personality and Individuality
Chapter 12: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment.
Welcome! The Topic For Today Is…. Personality Theories My Best FreudTerms I should know Hey… I’m human! Who am I?Pot Luck Final Jeopardy.
Developmental Theorists Round-Robin Activity. Developmental Theories Be able to answer the following: What is the name of your theorist? What is the name.
Chapter 14 Personality.
The thing that makes us think, feel, and act differently.
Personality The unique pairing of traits that comprise who we are. Persona = “mask” Predicting future behavior Does our Personality change over time? 
Chapter 10: Personality Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 14: Theories of Personality. Personality defined The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person.
Chapter 13 Personality. Objectives 13.1 Defining Personality Describe the characteristics of a well-crafted personality theory The Psychoanalytic.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10 Personality This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Personality Theories. Personality  patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another.
Review  Personality- relatively stable patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that an individual possesses  Major Approaches:  Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic.
UNIT 10 PERSONALITY Students will be able to understand personality development and know who the Neo-Freudians were. DD Question: What is personality?
Pop Culture Psch Weather you agree with Freud or not it impossible to deny the impact that his theories have had on Psychology and modern culture Freud.
Theories of Personality Chapter 11. Personality Personality - the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave. Character.
Chapter 13 Personality. Objectives 13.1 Defining Personality Describe the characteristics of a well-crafted personality theory The Psychoanalytic.
Unit 10: Personality.
Child Development Theories
Personality Development
Major Theories of Personality: Nature and Nurture
Personality liudexiang.
Personality Radwan Banimustafa MD.
Chapter 10: Personality.
Theories of Personality
UNIT-I BA-2 SEMESTER By: DR. DIVYA MONGA
Perspectives on Personality
Presentation transcript:

Personality

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Defining personality An individual’s unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and across situations

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Major categories of theories Psychodynamic theories Place the origin of personality in unconscious motivations and conflicts. Humanistic theories Spotlight positive growth motives and the realization of potential in shaping personality.

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Trait theories Categorize and describe the ways in which people’s personalities differ. Cognitive-social learning theories Find the roots of personality in the ways people think about, action, and respond to their environment. Major categories of theories

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Psychodynamic theories Personality is the result of unconscious motivations and conflicts. Sigmund Freud Alfred Adler Erik Erikson

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Freud’s 3 Levels of Consciousness conscious: Ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are aware. preconscious: material that can be easily recalled. unconscious: All the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware.

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Freud’s Structure of Personality Id The collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression The only structure that is present at birth and that is completely unconscious Works on pleasure principle (seeks immediate pleasure and avoid pain) Since it has no direct contact with real world so it either seeks gratification in following two forms Reflex action Wish fulfillment Or it get a link with reality through ego for its expression

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Ego Part of personality that mediates between environmental demands (reality), conscious (superego), and instinct needs (id) Operates partly consciously, partly pre-consciously, and partly unconsciously Works on reality principle (by means of intelligent reasoning) Superego The social and parental standards that the individual has internalized; the conscious and the ego ideal Not present at birth and is learned afterwards Works at both conscious and unconscious level Works on morality principle Freud’s Structure of Personality

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Alfred Adler Humans possess innate positive motives that strive for personal and social perfection Compensation Personality develops through the individual’s attempt to overcome imagined or real weakness. Inferiority complex The fixation on feelings of personal inferiority that results into emotional and social paralysis Striving for superiority and perfection

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Psychodynamic theories continued…..…… Erik Erikson Presented eight stage theory of personality development Trust vs mistrust (first year of life) Autonomy vs shame and doubt (first three years) Initiative vs guilt (between ages 3 to 6) Industry vs inferiority (during 6 to 12) Identity vs role confusion (at puberty) Intimacy vs isolation (during young adulthood) Generativity vs stagnation (during middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs despair (at maturity with onset of old age)

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Differences Between Freud and Adler Freud We are controlled by our environment View of individual: selfish; Eternally in conflict with society Adler We can control our own fate View of individual: striving for perfection; Develops socially constructive goals

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Evaluation of Psychodynamics Theories Psychodynamic views are based largely on retrospective accounts of people seeking treatment rather than experimental research with healthy individuals More focus on negative relation ship between self and society

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Humanistic Personality Theories Any personality theory that asserts the fundamental goodness of people and their striving toward higher levels of functioning. Human beings are responsible for their lives and their outcomes. Given reasonable life conditions, people will develop in desirable directions

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Humanistic Personality Theories continued…. Carl Rogers Every organism is born with certain innate capacities, capabilities, or potentials “a sort of blue print”. The goal of life is to fulfill this genetic blue print. Actualizing tendency: The drive of every organism to fulfill its biological potential and become the best of what it is inherently capable of becoming. Self-actualizing tendency: The drive of human beings to fulfill their self-concepts (conscious images of one’s self)

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Fully functioning person: An individual whose self-concept closely resembles his/her inborn potentials. Determinants of a Fully Functioning Person Unconditional positive regard: Fully functioning person & not fully functioning person Humanistic Personality Theories continued…. Carl Rogers

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Humanistic Personality Theories continued….. Evaluation of humanistic theories The assumptions are difficult to verify scientifically Fail to take into account the evil in human nature

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Trait theories Trait theories focus on describing one’s current personality with less emphasis on how the personality developed. Personality traits: Dimensions or characteristics on which people differ in distinctive ways such as anxiety, aggressiveness, sociability. Traits can not be observed directly. They can be inferred from behavior

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Trait theories continued……. Eysenck’s three dimensions of personality Emotional stability Introversion-extroversion Psychoticism

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Trait theories continued……. The Big Five Dimensions of Personality by Tupes and Christal Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness/dependability Emotional stability Openness to experience/culture/intellect

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Trait theories continued……. Evaluation of Trait theories Relatively easy to test experimentally More descriptive, less explanatory Does not explain inconsistencies in personality

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Cognitive-Social Learning Theories Behavior is viewed as the product of the interaction of cognitions, learning and past experiences, and the immediate environment.

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Cognitive-Social Learning Theories continued……. Albert Bandura People evaluate the situation according to certain internal expectancies, and this evaluation affects their behavior. The feedback of actual behavior shapes expectancies in future situations. Expectancies: What a person anticipates in a situation or as a result of behaving in certain ways. Self-efficacy: The expectancy that one’s efforts will be successful. Performance standards: Standards that people develop to rate the adequacy of their own behavior in a variety of situations.

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Cognitive-Social Learning Theories continued……. Rotter Locus of control: An expectancy about whether reinforcement is under internal or external control. Internal locus of control One can control his/her own fate. External locus of control One’s fate is determined by chance, luck, or the behavior of others.

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Cognitive-Social Learning Theories continued……. Evaluation of Cognitive-Social Learning Theories Can be studied scientifically Explain why people behave inconsistently

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Methods of Personality Assessment Personal interview Unstructured Structured Observation Effect of being watched Observer bias Objective tests tests that are administered and scored in a standard way

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir Projective tests (tests consisting of ambiguous or unstructured material) Rorschach test: A test composed of ambiguous inkblots; the way people interpret the blots is thought to reveal aspects of their personality. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): A test composed of ambiguous pictures about which a person is asked to write a complete story. Methods of Personality Assessment

“Personality” Instructor: Saba Nasir