Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Crop Rotation Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill Livestock Breeding All lead to a population growth

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Great Britain’s advantages Large Population Natural Resources Water Power / Fuel Iron Ore Rivers Harbors Expanding Economy Banking system / loans for investment Political Stability

Britain’s Factors of Production Factor of Production DefinitionExample from textile industry

Inventions / Discoveries The Flying Shuttle

Inventions / Discoveries The Spinning Jenny

Inventions / Discoveries Water Frame

Inventions / Discoveries Spinning Mule

Inventions / Discoveries Power Loom

Inventions / Discoveries Rise of Factories

Inventions / Discoveries Cotton Gin

Inventions / Discoveries Steam Engine

Inventions / Discoveries Steamboat

Inventions / Discoveries Roads / Turnpikes

Inventions / Discoveries Rocket

Inventions / Discoveries Railroad Effects 1.Spurred further Industrial Growth 2.New Jobs created 3.Boosted agriculture and fishing industries 4.People able to take distant city jobs 5.People able to travel further distances

Inventions / Discoveries Thomas Edison

Inventions / Discoveries Alexander Graham Bell

Inventions / Discoveries Guglielmo Marconi

Inventions / Discoveries Henry Ford

Inventions / Discoveries Wright Brothers

Inventions / Discoveries Louis Pasteur

Inventions / Discoveries Joseph Lister

Inventions / Discoveries Charles Darwin

Inventions / Discoveries Gregor Mendel

Inventions / Discoveries Pierre an Marie Curie

Industrialization By1800s people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms 1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities) large cities more than doubled Period known as urbanization

Industrialization Factories developed in Clusters London was most important city

Industrial living conditions No development plans, sanitary codes or building codes Lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection Unpaved streets, no drains Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1 bedroom Sickness widespread (cholera) City life span 17 years Merchants/Factory owners lived in suburbs

Industrial Working Conditions Average work day 14 hours 6 days a week Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries Coal Mines most dangerous Many Women/Children worked in Coal Mines

Class Tensions New Middle Class formed Upper Middle Class= government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers Lower middle class=skilled workers The Working Class Laborers Saw little improvement in their living and working conditions Luddites

Positive Effects of Industrialization New Jobs Added Wealth to Nation Technological Progress and invention Raised standard of living Hope of improvement Life of laborers eventually improved with labor unions Long-Term Effects?

Industrialization Spreads US follows England Begins with Textiles Railroads Use of Corporations (Rockefeller, Carnegie) Continental Europe Belgium leads the way By late 1800’s Germany becomes a military and industrial giant Not all European nations industrialized

Impact of Industrialization Widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries Exploitation of overseas colonies Gave Europe tremendous economic power Hardships of early urban workers Eventual rise of population, health and wealth Development of a middle class

Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Economics Law of Self-Interest Law of Supply and Demand Laid Foundation for Capitalism- Factors of Production are privately owned and money is invested business ventures to make profit Supported by works of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill Utopia- Robert Owen Socialism- Charles Fourier Factors of Production owned by government Government ownership would end poverty and promote equality

Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write The Communist Manifesto Society divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or have-nots (proletariat) Predicted eventual overthrow of bourgeoisie Classless society would develop (Communism) Elimination of Private Property

Labor Unions and Reforms Union spoke for all workers and engaged in collective bargaining If factory owners refused demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work Reform Laws Factory reform act of 1833 (child labor) Hours Act of 1847

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