PROGRAMMING VOCABULARY

The Words ◦ FORTRAN ◦ COBOL ◦ PASCAL ◦ BASIC ◦ C ◦ Java ◦ Flash ◦ PERL ◦ Ruby ◦ Python

◦ FORTRAN – Formula Translating System ◦ Numeric & Scientific computation ◦ Used for over 50 years ◦ Still the language of choice for super-computing ◦ COBOL – Compiled Computer Programming Language ◦ Designed in 1959 ◦ Designed for DOD for data processing ◦ 1997 – 200B lines of code operating 80% of business computing

◦ PASCAL – Named for Blaise Pascal ◦ Imperative & Procedural programming language ◦ Allows nested procedures – simple syntax ◦ Always starts with the word “Program” ◦ BASIC – Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code ◦ First version in 1964; many variants since then ◦ Designed for home/micro computers to make programming easier for the masses ◦ Visual Basic used today in many web applications

◦ C ◦ General purpose programming language ◦ Developed initially between ; UNIX based ◦ In the lineage of many programming languages ◦ Free-form ◦ Java ◦ Concurrent, Class-based, Object-oriented ◦ WORA – Write Once, Read Anywhere ◦ Developed by Sun Microsystems programmers ◦ Originally designed for interactive TV, but too advanced ◦ Key part of Android OS

◦ Flash ◦ Designed to operate with PenPointOS ◦ On 99% of all computer devices ◦ Has many security vulnerabilities ◦ PERL – ◦ Developed in 1987 ◦ Dynamic coding ◦ The swiss-army chainsaw of scripting languages ◦ The language of Craigslist & Ticketmaster

◦ Ruby ◦ Released in 1995 ◦ Human-focused programming ◦ Can fix programming errors while the program is running ◦ NASA simulations are run in Ruby at Langley ◦ Python – Compiled Computer Programming Language ◦ Appeared in 1991 ◦ Fewer lines needed to meet needs than many programs ◦ Easily extended to meet individual needs ◦ Google & Yahoo use python code