Vocabulary Isolationism The doctrine that a nation should stay out of the disputes and affairs of other nations.

Vocabulary Neutral not helping or supporting either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartial.

Vocabulary Alliance a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations 3

Vocabulary Militarism the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. 4

Vocabulary Armistice an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce 5

Schedule for Remainder of 9 Weeks: November 30 – Start World War I December 4 – Quiz on WWI notes December 10 – WWI Test (Flexible) December 11 – Vocab Notebook Due December 14 – 18 - EXAMS 6

US Eras Gilded Age – (1870s-1900) Progressive Era – (1890s-1920s) Imperialism – ( ) 7

 MAIN Causes of WWI 1.Militarism – the aggressive build- up of a nations armed forces. 2.Alliances – nations formed partnerships to help protect and defend themselves. 3.Imperialism – stronger nations began to take over weaker nations. 4.Nationalism – everybody thought their nation was the best.

10 The First World War: War involving nearly all the nations of the world What? When?

11 The First World War: Why? Long term - 1. Alliance system 2. Imperialist Competition 3. Stockpiling of Weapons Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro- Hungarian Empire Austria - Franz Ferdinand & daughter of Leopold Salvator. Upper right: Cardinal Nagle

12 Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia Russia Declares War on Austria Hungary Germany Declares War on Russia Germany Declares War on France England Declares War on Germany and Austria Hungary

14 The First World War: Who? Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (1917) Central Powers:Allies:

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16 Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? America was isolationist “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems”

17 Ask yourself: Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?

18 Which side should the US pick? 11 million German- Americans Irish-Americans hated Great Britain Close cultural ties Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) Big business loaned much $ to allies Central Powers:Allies: US Exports to both sides:

19 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America Germany announced a submarine war around Britain

20 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships They could/would sink them

21 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition

22 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades The US sharply criticized Germany for their action Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future

23 What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful

24 What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Zimmerman Note US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance

25 What did it take to get the US involved? Zimmerman Note and the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war

26 Examine the issue: Should we tell the story of WWI with Germany as the “bad guy”? Explain.

27 How was the war looking for the allies? Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917 Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France Not Good...

28 Convincing the American People Posters - Gee!! How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?

29 Convincing the American People 1. War to End All Wars Idealism: 2 Goals For War: 2. Making the World Safe for Democracy

30 What did the US do to help? US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war Selective Service Act - authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through the compulsory enlistment of people. Supplies:

31 How did the War Affect the US? Women Women filled factory jobs May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units African Americans “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories

32 Convincing the American People Idealism: Fourteen Points What? President Wilson’s Plan for after the war Fourteen promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace President Woodrow Wilson

14 Points Summary 1.Open diplomacy 2.Freedom of the Seas 3.Removal of economic barriers 4.Adjustment of colonial claims 5.Conquered territories in Russia 6.Reduction of armaments 7.Preservation of Belgian Sovereignty Restoration of French Territory 9. Redrawing of Italian Fronts 10. Division of Austria- Hungary 11. Redrawing of Balkan boundaries 12. Limitations on Turkey 13. Establishment of an independent Poland 14. Creation of an Association of Nations

Versailles Treaty – Treaty to end WWI Main Terms of Versailles Treaty: 1.Surrender of ALL German colonies to be controlled by the new League of Nations 2.German lands used to create – Czechoslovakia and Poland 3.Demilitarization and a 15 year occupation of the Rhineland 4.German reparations of $32 billion 5.An acceptance of Germany’s guilt in causing the war 6.Limitation of Germany’s army to 100,000 men with no tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft, and no ships, no submarines 34

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36 How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty Hatred of all things German Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of punished those against the war (many labor leaders) -- The Espionage and Sedition Acts made it a crime to interfere with the operations of the military to promote the success of its enemies and prohibited many forms of speech perceived as disloyal to the United States of America.

Schenck v. US -Charles Schenck - Socialist -Handed out flyers – “involuntary servitude” and “capitalist greed” -Individual Freedom v. National Security 37

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Red Scare - Fear of Communism and Its spread 39