Conventionalism FOR. cultural relativism C ultural relativism, long a key concept in anthropology, asserts that… each culture has its own values and practices.

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Presentation transcript:

conventionalism FOR

cultural relativism C ultural relativism, long a key concept in anthropology, asserts that… each culture has its own values and practices. -Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, Chronicle of Higher Education

cultural relativism W e have to study each ethnological specimen individually in its history and in its medium... By regarding a single implement outside of its surroundings, outside of other inventions of the people to whom it belongs, and outside of other phenomena affecting that people and its productions, we cannot understand its meanings... -Franz Boas The Principles of Ethnological Classification

cultural relativism W e recognize that morality differs in every society, and is a convenient term for socially approved habits. –Ruth Benedict Patterns of Culture

cultural relativism Descriptive Cultural Relativism: Different societies have different moral beliefs and practices. Methodological Cultural Relativism: When studying other cultures, the anthropologist should temporally suspend (or bracket) his or her own moral beliefs and practices. Meta-ethical Cultural Relativism: The moral beliefs and practices of a society determines what is right within that society; that is, if the moral beliefs and practices of a society say that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society.

conventionalism Conventionalism: There are no objective moral truths. “X is right” means “My society approves of X”. “X is wrong” means “My society disapproves of X”. Subjectivism: There are no objective moral truths. “X is right” means “I approve of X”. “X is wrong” means “I disapprove of X”.

the problem of moral disagreement 1. If Subjectivism is true, then there is no disagreement between Al and Bill. 2. There is a disagreement between Al and Bill. 3. [So] Subjectivism isn’t true.

the problem of moral fallibility 1. If Subjectivism is true, then what Racist Joe said was true. 2. What Racist Joe said was not true. 3. [So] Subjectivism isn’t true.

the cultural differences argument 1. Moral beliefs differ from society to society. 2. If (1), then there are no objective moral truths. 3. [So] There are no objective moral truths.