Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution: Big Ideas 1. Old views of Science abandoned 2. Experimentation and the Scientific Method perfected 3. Relationship between man and God changed 4. The pursuit of Scientific Knowledge (rather than philosophical or theological) increased

Key Terms Johann Gutenberg Geocentric Heliocentric Ptolemy Nicholaus Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Capitulate Francis Bacon Isaac Newton Newton’s Laws of Motion Francis Bacon Rene Descartes

Printing: Johann Gutenberg Movable Type (1439) Explosion of Printing Books everywhere! Effects? Literacy goes up! Use of Vernacular (local common languages) further increased Access to knowledge greatly increased, similar to the internet today Positive feedback loop

Medical Anatomy Autopsies… Studying the body Scientific Method for Medicine

Astronomy Ptolemy ( CE) ROMAN EMPIRE Greek living in Egypt under Roman Control Geocentric Universe Copernicus ( CE)

The fall of the Ptolemaic System Nicholaus Copernicus heliocentric theory and model Johannes Kepler Mathematical support for heliocentirc model Studied planetary movements, more accurate than Copernicus Galileo Proof! (through observation)

Astronomy: Galileo ( ) Invented the Telescope Proved Copernicus’s theories, based on observation Moons orbiting Jupiter, just like the Earth around the Sun. Catholic Church went after him Why? Did he truly capitulate?

Sir Isaac Newton Gravitas  Gravity Revolutionized the understanding of planetary movements Laws of Motion Still in use today Einstein built upon Newton’s theories

Newton’s First Law of Motion A body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon. A body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon. Car Accidents

Newton’s Second Law of Motion Force = Mass x Acceleration

Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Francis Bacon Credited with inventing/perfecting Scientific Method

Descartes Philosophy / Science Cartesian Doubt Doubt Everything, Break it down, and doubt again No assumptions! Rationalism "Cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am). Descartes tried to doubt his own existence, but found that even his doubting showed that he existed, since he could not doubt if he did not exist Verifiable Facts

Review Questions How did the Scientific Revolution change Man’s perceived place in the Universe? What role did “verifiable facts” play in the Scientific Revolution? How could the Scientific Revolution be seen as a challenge to the Church?