Sleep, and Memory formation Memory Consolidation Trace Reactivation Slow wave Sleep

Sleep, and Memory formation Memory Consolidation At the time of encoding, memories are susceptible to disruption. With time, they become robust to interference (Mueller and Pilzecker, 1900) Cerebral trauma leads to a greater loss of recent than remote memories (Ribot, 1882)

Sleep, and Memory formation Non-REM REM Stages 1 2 3 4 Spindles Slow wave,delta

Sleep, and Memory formation

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stages 3, 4 Task Manipulat non-REM REM Priming Conway & Smith 1994 Word Stem REM Dep -E +L Plihal & Born 1999 Intrpt Perceptual skill Karni et al. 1994 TDT Dep - + Stickgold et al. 2000 Corr +E Gais et al. 2000 +/-L Kattler et al. 1994 SSstim n/a Verschoor & Holdstock 1984 Vis/Aud Lrn Motor skill Plihal & Born 1997 MirrorTrace DeKoninck & Prevost 1991 Prism Adaptation Buchegger et al. 1991 Trampoline Fischer et al. 2002 FOS Corsi, Hanoi Smith & MacNeill 1994 Pursuit Rotor Walker et al. 2002 Fgr Tap Seq Explicit/Declarative Castaldo et al. 1974; Chernik 1972 VPA Yaroush et al. 1971 -L Barrett & Ekstrand 1972 Gais et al. 2002 Mental Rotation Meier-Koll et al. 1999 Spatial Tilley & Empson 1978 Story recall R/St4 Dep DeKoninck et al. 1989 2ndLanguage

Sleep, and Memory formation Slow-wave sleep Slow waves (a.k.a up/down states) Neuroscience 137 (2006) 1087–1106 GROUPING OF BRAIN RHYTHMS IN CORTICOTHALAMIC SYSTEMS M. STERIADE* Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Laval University, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4

Is there evidence for trace replay theory? Sleep, and Memory formation … when neural activity patterns seen during a task are ‘replayed’ during subsequent periods of inactivity

Sleep, and Memory formation Reactivation In rats, hippocampal activity patterns during behavior are related to patterns during subsequent periods of inactivity (Pavlides and Winson, 1989; Wilson and McNaughton, 1994), specifically, in hippocampal oscillations (Kudrimoti et al., 1999) demonstrated to co-occur with slow-waves (Sirota et al., 2003; Battaglia et al., 2004) seen in the hippocampus and neocortex of rats (Qin et al., 1997; Ribeiro et al., 2004; Ji and Wilson, 2007) seen in non-human primate, in multiple ‘disconnected’ sites, coordinated across hemispheres. (Hoffman and McNaughton, 2002) seen in other structures, maybe under other names (Arieli, Yuste/MacLean, Dan)

The upshot of up states in neocortex: From slow oscillations to memory formation Memory Consolidation Trace Reactivation Slow wave Sleep