C&I 212 Dr. Brown

State Constitution State Courts Governor State Board of Education Commissioner & Office of Education Legislature State Board of Education  The legal governing body that exercises general control and supervision of the schools in a state.  Responsibilities:  Supervise teaching licenses  Establish length of school year  Standards & Accreditation  Gather data (test scores, enrollments, demographics)  Curriculum and Textbooks

State Board/ Commissioner/ Office of Education School Districts  Administrative unit within a state that is defined by a geographical boundary and is legally responsible for the public education of children within those boundaries  Data:  15,000 school districts  48% less than 1,000 students  In 1930 – 130,000 school districts

School DistrictsSchool Boards School Board  Group of elected lay citizens responsible for setting policies that determine how a school district operates  Functions  Finance  Infrastructure  Personnel  Curriculum  Students  Data  96% Elected, 80% White, 61% Male  Problems: Voter turnout, at-large

School BoardsSuperintendentPrincipal Superintendent  District’s head administrative officer  Data  Hired by school board  Often leads/sets direction for the school board  Increasingly from outside of education (NYC, LA, Chicago)  13% Women, 5% Non-white  Average Tenure – 6 years  Average Salary - $122,000  Runs the district office Principal  Individual given the ultimate administrative responsibility for a school’s operation.

Flat Grant: (Iowa, example)  Fixed dollar amount per student in the state  Local communities can raise additional funds Full State Funding: (only Hawaii)  State pays 100% of education costs  Uniform property tax Foundation Support: (Illinois and most states)  A foundation level is determined  Local property taxes are used first  State funding is used to reach the foundation level (Center for Tax and Budget Accountability, 2006)

“The state shall provide for an efficient system of high quality public educational institutions and services…The state has the primary responsibility for financing the system of public education” (Sec 1, Article 10, Illinois Constitution) In 2008 Funding ranged between $5,500 and $22,000 per student State Average $10,470

The 2010 foundational level: $6,119 per pupil  Foundation amount is arbitrary; not the actual cost of education Funding Formulas:  Foundation Formula: Local resources are less than 93% of foundation level (80% of districts)  Foundational level – Local resources = State Aid  If a district raises $4000 per student they would receive $2119 per student from the state.  Alternative Formula: Local resources are between 93% and 175% of the foundation level (15% of districts)  Provides between 5% to 7% of the foundational level per student (roughly between $306-$428)  Flat Grant: Local resources are over 175% of foundational level (5% of districts)  These districts receive $218 per student in State Aid

State Poverty Grant  Funding based on the number of students living in poverty  Based on a formula (2007: Poverty grant was between $300- $3000 per low income student ) State Mandated Services  Schools are reimbursed for services that are required by law  These include: free/reduce lunch, special education, transportation, summer school

Findings and Questions related to the article? Illinois Funding Examples:  Adlai Stevenson High School:  Simeon Career Academy: