A human body consists of: Cells

Tissues – a group of cells performing the same function Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

Organs – a structure composed of different kind of tissue Heart Stomach

Organ systems – is a group of organs that work together. There are 11 organ systems in a human body: 1.Digestive system 2.Circulatory system 3.Respiratory system 4.Excretory system 5.Nervous system 6.Muscular system 7.Skeletal system 8.Endocrine system 9.Integumentary system 10.Lymphatic system 11.Reproductive system

Our bodies need food in order to function properly.

Food provides 6 nutrients: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats 3. Proteins 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water

Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and they composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Carbohydrates can be: simple (glucose) complex (starch and fiber). Starch is broken down into smaller molecules, but fiber cannot be broken down and it is eliminated from the body.

Fats are composed from carbon, oxygen and hydrogen and they contain twice more energy than carbohydrates. Functions: Forms part of the cell membrane Keep your body warm Protect internal organs Fats can be: Unsaturated Saturated Trans fats

They are liquid at room temperature. Ex. Cooking oils

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. Ex. Found in meat and dairy products

Trans fats are made when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil. Food cooked with trans fats stays fresh for a long time.

Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance found in animal products. Liver can produce cholesterol therefore it is not a necessary part of the diet.

Proteins contain nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Function: needed for tissue growth and repair. Proteins are made of small units called amino acids. (about 20) Complete ProteinsIncomplete Proteins

Vitamins do not provide energy, but they help the body carry out various processes. There are 2 kinds of vitamins: Fat-soluble: A, D, E and K Water-soluble: B group and C (p. 51)

Vitamin A is found in dairy products, eggs, liver, fruit and vegetables. Vitamin A is good for skin and vision.

Vitamin D is found dairy products, fish, eggs, liver, made by skin cells in presence of sunlight. Vitamin D is good for bones and teeth.

Vitamin E is found in vegetable oil, green vegetables, grains, seeds and nuts. Vitamin E is good for red blood cells.

Vitamin K is found in leafy vegetables, milk and liver. Vitamin K is good for blood clotting.

Vitamins B 1, B 2, B 3, B 6, B 12 are found in dairy products, meat, vegetables, cereals and eggs. Vitamin B group is needed for breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, normal growth, red blood cell formation.

Vitamin C is found in fruit and vegetables. Vitamin C is good for connecting tissue and fighting infections.

Minerals do not provide energy and they are found in food (p.52). Calcium, fluorine and phosphorous are good for teeth and bones. Magnesium, potassium and sodium are good for nervous system. Chlorine, potassium and sodium maintain water balance in the body.

Water is a very important nutrient because it assists the breakdown of nutrients. All living things need water to survive.

When food is broken down it releases energy. Energy is measured in Calories. 1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie (1kcal) A human needs about 2000 Calories a day.

We should eat fruit and vegetables everyday. We should drink plenty of water (2 l a day)

Fish, various nuts and beans are good for you.

Fried food, fats, oils, sweets, salt and sugar should be eaten in limited amounts.

According to Food Guide Pyramid foods rich in carbohydrates should make up the largest part of the diet.