A small presentation on PRONOUNS by GROUP 5 1 1

Objectives To understand what is a pronoun. Types of pronouns To rectify the common mistakes and confusions in pronouns.

Robert and Eric were friends. They went for a journey. Raju is standing there. He looked at them. 3 3

Antecedents Antecedents are the nouns the pronouns stands for ( person, places, things, ideas ). Example: Raman is going to buy a hamburger. He is searching for a shop. Here Raman is the antecedent and He is the pronoun

Types of pronouns Pronouns are categorized according to their function: There are 9 types of pronouns: Personal Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Intensive Pronouns Relative Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns Reciprocal Pronouns 5 5

Personal Pronouns Pronouns that are used to refer to people or things are called personal pronouns 6 6

number Person Gender Personal Pronouns Subject Object Singular 1st Male/Female I me 2nd you 3rd Male he him Female she her neuter it Plural we us Male/Female/Neuter they them

Possessive pronouns Possessive pronouns are pronouns that show ownership; in other words, something belongs to someone else(my/mine, your/yours,his,her/hers, its,our/ours,their/theirs). Examples of Possessive pronouns: The kids are yours and mine. The house is theirs and its paint is flaking. The money was really theirs for the taking. 8 8

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Reflexive Pronouns Pronouns that are used to show that the subject of the sentence is receiving the actions of the verb(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselves) Example: Can you help yourselves? They cannot look after themselves. Reflexive Pronouns Singular myself yourself himself, herself, itself Plural ourselves yourselves themselves 10 10

Intensive pronouns Pronouns that are used to only place emphasis on subject and are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. These pronouns look the same as reflexive pronouns, but they act differently in the sentence. Example: You yourself must go to the police station. Not until the problem itself is clearly diagnosed can a solution be found. 11 11

Demonstrative Pronouns Pronouns that are used to identify nouns and answer the question “which one?” (this,that,these,those). Example: These are the books that John was talking about. This is Mano speaking. Is that saran? 12 12

Interrogative Pronouns Pronouns that are used only in reference to a question(who,what,which,whom,whose). Example: Which one of these pens is yours? Who is that girl? 13 13

Relative Pronouns Pronouns that are used to connect clarifying information to nouns or other pronouns within a sentence ( who, that, which, whom, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever, whatever) Example: Hyderabad is a place which is known for Kohinoor Diamond 14 14

Who vs Whom Who Who is used when referring to a subject. Example: Its Rahman who sang this song. Whom Whom is used when referring to and object. The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.

Indefinite pronouns Pronouns that are used in reference to a person or thing is not specific or not known. It is also used to identify a general group of people or things. People Things Places Some- Someone Somebody something somewhere any- Anyone anybody anything anywhere no- No one nobody nothing nowhere every- Everyone everybody everything everywhere 16 16

Reciprocal Pronouns Pronouns that are used to refer to a mutual set of people. Example: We have to help one another to survive. They had remembered each others phone number. 17 17

Some basic rules for use of Pronouns There are 12 main rules for using a pronoun. In these we are discussing about only some common rules. 18 18

Pronoun must agree with antecedent in number (singular or plural) and gender. The gender of a noun may be masculine (male), feminine (female), or neuter (referring to things).

Use a Subject Pronoun as a subject 2. Use Object pronoun as object of the Verb Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed): SUBJECT She owns a collection of books. INDIRECT OBJECT He told her an amusing story. DIRECT OBJECT The fable entertained us.

When using a pronoun in a pair: ALWAYS put the pronoun second. Seth and I read some comic books. (Not I and Seth) Science interests Mike and me. (Not me and Mike).

When in a pair (Susan and I) ,Always take the pronoun OUT of the pair to see which pronoun is the correct one to use. EXAMPLES: Richard and (I or me) recited the story. Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me). In formal writing and speech, use a subject pronoun after a linking verb. RIGHT  The winner is she. NOT  She is the winner. 22

A journalist should not be forced to reveal their sources Each employee will submit their choice for an HMO by Friday. Each employee will submit his/her choice for an HMO by Friday. Exception: A journalist should not be forced to reveal their sources

Review A pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. Antecedents are the nouns the pronouns stands for. There are 9 types of pronouns. Pronouns are used according to some rules. There are 12 main rules for using a pronoun.

Conclusion A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase.If we only used nouns to refer to people, animals and things, our sentences, both spoken and written, would be very long and tedious. 26 26