Anatomy: studies the form of body parts Physiology: studies the function of body parts Definitions

Structural Organization or Hierarchy of Life Atoms  Molecules  Macromolecules  Cells  Tissue  Organs  Organ Systems  Organisms

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Definition of Tissue  Groups of structurally similar cells performing a common function

Four Types of Tissue Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Epithelial Tissue Covers outside of body Lines organs and body cavities Examples: skin, mucous membranes, lining of digestive tract Barrier against mechanical injuries, microbes, and fluid loss Production of secretions

Three Types of Epithelial 1.Simple: single layer  lining of body cavities, ducts, and tubes

Three Types of Epithelial 2. Stratified: multiple layers  skin

Three Types of Epithelial 3. Pseudostratified: false layers  1 layer attached to base, but appears multi-layered due to inconsistent shapes and nuclei location  glands

Three Shapes of Epithelial 1.Squamous: irregular, flattened square  blood vessels and lungs

Three Shapes of Epithelial 2. Cuboidal: cube  glands and nephrons

Three Shapes of Epithelial 3. Columnar: rectangle on end  lining of digestive and respiratory tract

Must combine type and shape for description

Connective Tissue Binds and supports other tissue All types, except blood, secrete fibers of structural proteins  collagen and elastin

Types of Connective Tissue Loose: holds organs in place  Located beneath skin and most epithelia  Function: elasticity, diffusion

Types of Connective Tissue Dense, irregular:  In skin and capsules around some organs  Function: structural support

Types of Connective Tissue Dense, regular:  Tendons, ligaments  Function: strength, elasticity

Types of Connective Tissue Cartilage:  Nose, ends of long bones, airways, vertebrate embryo  Function: support, flex, low-friction (Chondrocytes)

Types of Connective Tissue Bone:  Mineralized calcium salts and bone cells  Function: movement, support, protection (Osteocytes)

Types of Connective Tissue Adipose:  Tightly packed fat cells  Located under skin, around heart and kidneys  Function: energy storage, insulation, padding

Types of Connective Tissue Blood: Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Muscle Tissue Cells that contract Three types of muscle tissue: 1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

Nervous Tissue Senses stimuli and transmits impulses Neurons = nerve cells

Definition of Organs Groups of different tissue types that work together to carry out a specific function