Red Power

INDIAN ISSUES POVERTY UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH INFANT MORTALITY HIGH ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE HIGH TUBERCULOSIS LOWER LIFE EXPECTENCY “CULTURAL GENOCIDE”

TERMINATON POLICY: 1950’S AND 1960’S A move to end government support for tribes Dissolve the reservations, make all Indians assimilate into white society Give every family a choice A: Move to the cities. The government will get you and apartment and a job B: The government will get you a plot of land on or near the old reservation so you can farm or ranch. Result: two tribes terminated and ceased to exist as a cultural group.

Indian relocation Act-1956 Force Indians off reservation by offering job training opportunities in urban areas. Individuals made to sign agreements that they would not return to their reservations. Urban populations grew in LA, NY, Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, Albuquerque,etc.

Effects of Urban Relocation, 1960s Loss of Native culture & languages, yet kept touch with rural reservation Increased contact among different tribes; growth of pan-Indian identity Common experience of urban poverty & struggle Exposure to civil rights activism, successes

Fighting Back: The Declaration of Indian Purpose-1961 Inspired by the Black Civil Rights movement, Indians call for the following: -End the Termination Policy -New economic opportunities for on the reservations -End war on Indian culture

SUCCESS: TERMINATON ENDS IN1968

INDIAN ISSUES POVERTY UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH INFANT MORTALITY HIGH ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE HIGH TUBERCULOSIS LOWER LIFE EXPECTENCY “CULTURAL GENOCIDE”

Aim was founded in 1968 in Minneapolis Dedicated to protecting Native Americans and keeping their culture alive. First goal: Deal with police brutality in Minneapolis The American Indian Movement (A.I.M.)

Alcatraz given to Indians in 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. 19 month occupation More than 5,600 American Indians Wanted positive example: non-violence. AIM not involved. Indian Activism: Occupation of Alcatraz Island-1969

Indian Activism: Trail of Broken Treaties-1972 Led by A.I.M. Caravan of Cars from Pine Ridge, SD. to Washington D.C. to bring attention to broken treaties and Indian issues Indians occupy and vandalize Bureau of Indian Affairs building in D.C.

Indian Activism: Takeover at Wounded Knee

Wounded Knee-1973 Taking a stand at the site of 1890 massacre on Pine Ridge

2 Indians killed; many injured; surrendered after 71 days

Indian victories 1972-Indian Education Act. More money for vocational education for Indians Indian Self Determination and Educational Assistance Act Traditional tribal governments restored Indians control their own education. Traditional language and customs now taught in schools. 1970’s and 1980’s-many original treaty rights restored. Large cash and land settlements for broken treaties paid by the government.

Treaty rights backlash: 1980s Began in Northwest and Wisconsin Mostly over fishing rights Violence erupts in Puget Sound over Salmon fishery

Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, 1988 Pueblo Indian Casino, New Mexico

Challenges

A University of Northern Colorado intramural basketball team The idea was to bring attention to the racism of Indian college mascots Team members included Native Americans, whites, and latinos The team sold enough t- shirts on the internet to create a $100,000 scholarship fund for Native American studentsinternet The Fighting Whities-2003

The “Brown Power” Movement

Welcome to East L.A.

What’s in a Name? Hispanic Mexican-American Chicano/Chicana Latino/Latina Tejano/Tejana

Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Union

The Farm Workers Movement Mexican-American workers harvested California’s fruit and veg. crop Long hours, low pay, no restroom breaks Demanded growers negotiated with Chavez and the worker’s union- growers refused. Chavez inspired by M.L. King. Dedicated to non- violence.

Cesar Chavez and the Boycotts 1962-Chavez organizes workers into the United Farm Workers UnionUnited Farm Workers Union 1965-Growers refuse to negotiate with workers. Chavez and other workers convince the country to boycott CA grapes 1970-The boycott works. CA growers agree to higher wages and benefits for workers. La Causa is victorious.La Causa

Chicanos in East L.A Economic Inequality High Unemployment Poor Housing Poor Schools Poor Health Care Police Brutality Sound Familiar?

Brown Berets-1968 Formed in East L.A. in reaction to police brutality Inspired by the Black Panthers, Malcolm X, and the Black Power movement.

East L.A. High School Walkouts-1968 Brown Berets organize walkouts of 15,000 Chicano students in East Los Angeles Demands: –Smaller classes –More Chicano teachers and principals –More drop out prevention programs –More Chicano history and culture classes –Bilingual Education –Latino Youth Leadership TrainingLatino Youth Leadership Training

La Raza Unida-1970 Founded to gain more political power for Latinos Latino candidates ran various offices around the country. Beginning of emergence of Latino political power. Still exists today, working to further Latino political powerStill exists today, working to further Latino political power

The Feminist MOvement

1960s1960s

Feminism: the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men. The Feminist Movement

BackgroundBackground The Women's Rights Movement of the 1960s was a second wave of activism. The women's movement of the 1960s drew inspiration from the civil rights movement It was made up of members of the middle class It was also caused by the sexual revolution of the 1960s  Sparked by the development of the birth-control pill in 1960 Martin Luther King Jr. giving his "I Have A Dream“, 1963

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed in It banned discrimination on the basis of color, race, national origin, religion, or sex. Section VII set up the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.

Betty Friedan Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in She referred to the problem of gender roles as "the problem without a name". The book became a bestseller and was the cause for the second wave of feminism in the 60s. Feb. 4th, Feb. 4th, 2006

The problem that has no name– which is simply the fact that American women are kept from growing to their full human capacities–is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease. -- Betty Friedan

National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan. Betty Friedan became the organization's first president.

NOW (con’t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for all women. They campaigned to gain passage of the ERA amendment at the state level. Other Issues NOW deals with:  works to eliminate discrimination and harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system.  secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women  end all forms of violence against women  eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.  It was first introduced to Congress in A big push for passage occurred in the 1970’s.  Made all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal.  It was never ratified. It fell short by three states.

Phyllis Schlafly and the ERA One item on the agenda of social conservatives in the 1970's was the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment. Many felt that felt that "traditional family values" had been undermined by the women's liberation movement.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Estelle Griswold was the executive director of Planned Parenthood League. The case involved a Connecticut law that prohibited the use of contraceptives. Ruled that the Constitution protected a right to privacy. Found that Connecticut should allow married couples to use birth control. Chief Justice Earl Warren (top), Estelle Griswold (right)

Roe v. Wade In 1969 Norma McCorvey discovered she was pregnant and wanted an abortion Texas law outlawed abortion, so she sued, and the case went to the Supreme Court In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled that a woman’s constitutional right to privacy gave her a right to an abortion in the first trimester. Feminists applauded this decision. Conservatives were shocked. Chief Justice Earl Warren (top), Norma McCorvey (Roe) (right)

What were the Stonewall Riots? They were violent confrontations between the police and gay New Yorkers in the summer of They are sometimes called “The Stonewall Rebellion,” or simply “Stonewall.” They are viewed today as the birth of the modern gay rights movement. They were violent confrontations between the police and gay New Yorkers in the summer of They are sometimes called “The Stonewall Rebellion,” or simply “Stonewall.” They are viewed today as the birth of the modern gay rights movement.