News from CERN Restricted ECFA, Athens, March 3, 2001 Luciano Maiani

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Summary LHC Commissioning schedule News from LHC construction LHC computing Solar Axion search (CAST) Heavy ions (NA60) Conclusions

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. LHC commissioning schedule

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Status of Underground works, 05/02/01

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Finnish robot to move dipoles around (no cranes !)

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. The LHC dipole n. 0001

March 3, 2001L. Maiani.

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. LHC Computing Review The review was initiated in 1999 and mandated to report the status of computing preparations of the LHC experiments and IT Di. Was organised in 3 panels and a steering group The steering group met > 20 times between and and so did the other panels. Each panel prepared a report to the steering group which in turn wrote the final review report The present report is the result of a large collaborative effort. Its contents are the responsibility of the Steering Group and represent a broad consensus of all parties involved

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. LHC Computing Review: Membership Steering Group S. Bethke (MPI Munich)Chair H.F. Hoffmann (CERN)CERN Directorate D. Jacobs (CERN)Secretary M. Calvetti (INFN Florence) Mgmt and Resources Panel M. Kasemann (FNAL)Software Project Panel D. Linglin (CC-IN2P3/CNRS)Computing Model Panel In Attendance: IT Division: M. Delfino (CERN) L. Robertson (CERN) ALICE: F. Carminati (CERN)K. Safarik (CERN) ATLAS:N. McCubbin (RAL)G. Poulard (CERN) CMS:M. Pimia (CERN)H. Newman (CALTECH) LHCb:J. Harvey (CERN)M. Cattaneo (CERN) Observers: R. Cashmore CERN Directorate J. Engelen (NIKHEF) LHCC chairman Worldwide Analysis / Computing Model panel D. Linglin (CC-IN2P3/CNRS)Chair F. Gagliardi (CERN)Secretary Software Project panel M. Kasemann (FNAL)Chair A. Pfeiffer (CERN)Secretary Management and Resources panel M. Calvetti (INFN Florence) Chair M. Lamanna (INFN Trieste and CERN) Secretary

March 3, 2001L. Maiani IBM mainframe decommissioned Moore’s Law Based on 1988 First RISK services Physics computing capacity installed in CERN computing centre ( )

March 3, 2001L. Maiani First PC services IBM9000 mainframe decommissioned Physics computing capacity installed in CERN computing centre ( ) Moore’s Law

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Budget for Physics Data Processing (2000 consumer prices) 2000

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Outcome and Recommendations (1) LHC Computing Model The review accepts the scale of the resource requirements as submitted by the four experiments A multi-Tier hierarchical model similar to that developed by the MONARC project the key element of the LHC computing model Grid Technology will be used as solutions to this model that provide a combination of efficient resource utilisation and rapid turn-around time Estimates of the required bandwidth of the wide area network: Tier0 - Tier1 centres : 1.5 to 3 Gbps for a single experiment. The traffic between other pairs of nodes in the distributed systems will be comparable.

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. The LHC Computing Model Department    Desktop Tier 1 Tier2 Organising Software: Grid Middleware CERN Tier 0 CERN Tier 1 Centre X Centre Z Lab a Uni b centre c n  "Transparent" user access to applications and all data Centre Y Tier 0 Organising Software: Fabric Management

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. EU contract signed by all 21 partners for about 10 millions Euros of EU funding, mainly for personnel Project to start early 2001, duration 3 years Deliverables: Middleware tried out with Particle Physics-, Earth Observation-, Biomedical Applications Flagship project of the EU IST GRID programme The DataGRID Project

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Outcome and Recommendations (2) Software Joint efforts and common projects between the experiments and CERN/IT are recommended to minimise costs and risks Data Challenges of increasing size and complexity must be performed as planned by all the experiments until LHC start-up CERN should sponsor a coherent programme to ease the transition of the bulk of the physics community from Fortran to Object Oriented (OO) Further identified areas of concern are the limited maturity of current planning and resource estimates, the development and support of simulation packages and the support and future evolution of analysis tools Real Data ! EU GRID

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Outcome and Recommendations (3) Management and Resources Current cost estimates are based on the forecast evolution of price and performance of computer hardware On this basis, the hardware costs for the initial set-up of the LHC distributed computing centres, including Tier0 to Tier2 structures for all experiments, are currently estimated to be 240 MCHF. The CERN-based common Tier0+Tier1 centre is estimated to make up about 1/3 of the overall computing capacity The total investment for the initial system is due to be spent – in approximately equal portions – in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007, assuming LHC starts up in 2006 and reaches design luminosity in 2007 The Core Software teams of all four experiments are currently seriously understaffed 80 M, material

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Outcome and Recommendations (3), cont’ d The staffing level of CERN/IT as envisaged under the current CERN-wide staff reduction plan is incompatible with an efficient running of the CERN- based LHC computing system and software support The approach to Maintenance and Operation of the LHC computing system includes the strategy of rolling replacement within a constant budget The construction of a common prototype of the distributed computing system should be launched urgently as a joint project of the four experiments and CERN/IT, along with the major Regional Centres An agreement should be reached amongst the partners in this project, in which the construction, the cost sharing, the goals and the technical solutions of the common prototype are laid down Prototype now !

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Outcome and Recommendations (4) General recommendations An LHC Software and Computing Steering Committee (SC2), composed of highest level software and computing management in experiments, CERN/IT and Regional Tier1 Centres, must be established to oversee the deployment of the entire LHC hierarchical computing structure Under the auspices of this committee, Technical Assessment Groups (TAGs) must be established to prepare common activities amongst experiments and Regional centres Each collaboration must prepare, on a common pattern, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for LHC computing

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Further Observations The resource estimates used here represent today’s best knowledge of the conditions expected at the time that LHC will run Due to current uncertainties, these estimates carry significant intrinsic uncertainties; they must be continuously monitored and updated according to actual knowledge Initial funding is needed basically now, in order to provide resources for prototype developments. The serious shortfall of currently available human resources for software development and support of the computing infrastructure is a major concern expressed in this report All those concerned are asked to undertake the necessary steps to ensure timely availability of sufficient computing resources to permit the LHC to realise its enormous potential in terms of physics outcome

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Organisation of CERN/LHC Computing Services Basic infrastructure and services Desktops & interactive services; Internet services; Data, voice and video networks Data Handling Fabric Application Support System software and middleware Management of hardware & software Grid coordination Infrastructure at other Physics labs Infrastructure at other Physics labs Infrastructure & services at other Physics insts. Infrastructure at other Physics labs Infrastructure at other Physics labs Infrastructure & services at other Science insts. Physics services Physics-specific software Physics applications support Common projects Multi-science services Astronomy services Earth science services Biology services Bio applications support Bio services Bio-specific s/w Engineering & accelerator services Applications support Specialised computing services General scientific libraries Simulation & analysis frameworks Database management Scientific user support

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Estimated Human resources for Computing Services at CERN Long Term Plan EUgrid

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. LTP  ~95M Material cost for computing services

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. CAST Magnet tracking of the Sun : sunset + sunrise

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Exclusion plot If X-rays can be focussed:

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. CAST’s status –55 collaborators, from 17 institutes, from: CERN; France; Germany (3); Greece (2); Portugal; Spain; Canada; Croatia ; Israel; USA (2); Turkey; Russia. –CAST is in the preparation phase. Moving Platform: design ready to start construction in Greece. Magnet/cryostat and He-supply in progress at CERN. software and hardware in progress. X-ray detectors : prototype testing in progress at CERN and at home institutes. 3 lines of detectors are being followed (Micromegas, MWPC and semiconductors). –X-ray focusing : a recovered module from ABRIXAS space mission. Tests are planned for May 2001 in Munich. Expected improvement of signal-to-SQRT(noise) = 10 to 30. –Start of data taken: autumn 2001

The SPS heavy ion physics program NA35 NA36 NA49 NA34/2 Helios-2 NA34/3 Helios-3 NA44 NA45 Ceres NA38 NA50 NA60 WA98 WA85 WA97 NA57 NA52 WA94 SOSO Pb multistrange photons hadrons dimuons dielectrons hadrons strangeletshadrons dimuons : 60 & 200 GeV/nucleon : 200 GeV/nucleon : 40, 80 & 158 GeV/nucleon : Indium and 158 GeV/nucleon And proton beams for reference studies of p-A collisions WA80 WA93

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Open questions  from NA50 to NA60  What is the origin of the intermediate mass dimuon excess ? Thermal dimuons ?  Is the open charm yield enhanced in nucleus-nucleus collisions ?  Is the  ’ suppressed by Debye screening ? what is its melting temperature ?  What fraction of J/  come from  c decays ? Does it change from p-Be to p-Pb ? Improved measurement of prompt dimuon production and open charm in heavy ion collisions Silicon detectors track the muons before they traverse the hadron absorber

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. NA60 : a new SPS heavy ion experiment 10 planes 88 pixel readout chips channels pixel size : 50  425  m 2 Silicon pixel telescope 2.5 T dipole field 2 x-y stations of  -strip Si detectors at T = 130 K ~ 20  m resolution on the transverse coordinates of the beam ions still working after Pb ions passed in 1 mm 2 !!! Beamscope

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. NA60 concept and performance     D  { offset Track matching through the muon filter  improves mass resolution Muon track offset measurement  provides charm tagging Improved mass resolution Improved signal / background Separate charm from prompt (thermal) dimuons Improved systematics in  ’ suppression studies with pixels without pixels 70  20 MeV J/  ’’  vertex

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Where are we with NA May - Letter of Intent Nov. - Test of the beamscope with Pb ions 2000 March - Proposal (SPSC-P316) June - Approved for 2001 (proton beam) Oct. - Long test of the beamscope (35 days) Nov. - Approved for 2002 and 2003 (Indium and Lead ions) 2001 Oct. - Commissioning run, with proton beam proton and ion physics runs, competitive with respect to the RHIC experiments

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. Manpower evolution in the present long term plan and the proposed addition

March 3, 2001L. Maiani. : Conclusions LHC is going smoothly, but we are in a very crucial year LHC computing calls for new resources (a special programme) fixed target programme in 2001 to 2005: defined CERN is looking into its long term future (ECFA Working Group): manpower needs for enhanced R&D high intensity proton driver & neutrino “superbeams” construction of CTF3 started