The Cold War - Origins Sadler World History

Ideological Differences Different philosophies/ideologies: – Democratic capitalism – Marxist communism

U.S. (West) vs U.S.S.R. Private control Private control Voting by the people Voting by the people Competing political parties Competing political parties State controlled all economic activity State controlled all economic activity Totalitarian gov’t Totalitarian gov’t No opposing parties No opposing parties

History of Distrust The U.S. had intervened in the Russian Civil War against the Bolsheviks No Soviet representative participated in the Treaty of Versailles The U.S. did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933 The Soviets were not invited to join the League of Nations until 1934

Tehran - November 1943 Scheduled D-day invasion of Normandy for Spring 1944 Scheduled D-day invasion of Normandy for Spring 1944 Outcome - Eastern Europe would be liberated by Soviet forces Outcome - Eastern Europe would be liberated by Soviet forces Germany to be split up when war is over. Germany to be split up when war is over.

Yalta - February 1945

Military support Russia agreed to enter war against Japan following German surrender Russia agreed to enter war against Japan following German surrender In return Russia would receive territory in Manchuria & Sakhalin Island In return Russia would receive territory in Manchuria & Sakhalin Island

Division of Germany Germany temporarily divided into four zones Germany temporarily divided into four zones Berlin divided into four zones Berlin divided into four zones

Eastern Europe ‘Declaration of Liberated Europe' (to set up democracies in East Europe). ‘Declaration of Liberated Europe' (to set up democracies in East Europe). Set up Polish Government of National Unity Set up Polish Government of National Unity

International Organizations Setting up of UN (to replace League of Nations), to which Russia was invited Setting up of UN (to replace League of Nations), to which Russia was invited International War Tribunal to put Nazi war criminals on trial International War Tribunal to put Nazi war criminals on trial

What was their disagreement (or tension) over?

Reparations Stalin wanted Germany to pay USSR reparations Stalin wanted Germany to pay USSR reparations Stalin wanted payments in coal Stalin wanted payments in coal US wanted coal to rebuild Europe US wanted coal to rebuild Europe Russian demands ignored Russian demands ignored

Poland USSR wanted to extend Polish border too far West for western allies USSR wanted to extend Polish border too far West for western allies Stalin disregarded calls for free elections and arrested non- communists Stalin disregarded calls for free elections and arrested non- communists

Germany USSR forced Germans to sell food & raw materials to Soviet Union USSR forced Germans to sell food & raw materials to Soviet Union Some German factories dismantled & moved to USSR Some German factories dismantled & moved to USSR

May 1945 May 1945 Hitler commits suicide Hitler commits suicide German military surrenders on May 7, 1945 German military surrenders on May 7, 1945 V-E Day V-E Day But war rages on in the Pacific. But war rages on in the Pacific.

Potsdam - July 1945 Roosevelt dead - Harry S. Truman new U.S. President Roosevelt dead - Harry S. Truman new U.S. President Truman & Stalin argue over free elections in Eastern Europe Truman & Stalin argue over free elections in Eastern Europe Truman tells Stalin of “weapon of unusual destructive force” - A bomb Truman tells Stalin of “weapon of unusual destructive force” - A bomb Cold War to begin - Eastern Europe to remain under Communist control. Cold War to begin - Eastern Europe to remain under Communist control.

Aug. 6 and 9, 1945 Atom Bomb dropped on Hiroshima Atom Bomb dropped on Hiroshima 2 days later Nagasaki 2 days later Nagasaki Unconditional Japanese surrender on Aug. 15, 1945 Unconditional Japanese surrender on Aug. 15, 1945 V-J Day V-J Day

Cold War Ideological Differences Ideological Differences