How do we see in 3 dimensions?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Perception Chapter 4 Visual Process beyond the Retina
Advertisements

The Primary Visual Cortex
Monocular and Binocular cues
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Depth Cues Pictorial Depth Cues: aspects of 2D images that imply depth
COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE FINAL PROJECT – DEPTH VISION Omri Perez 2013.
Anatomy/Physiology of Binocular Vision Goals –Follow the M and P pathway out of primary visual cortex –Answer where binocularly and disparity driven cells.
VISUAL PERCEPTION Question 1 The eye is the sense organ for A Taste B Smell C Touch D Vision.
Chapter 6 The Visual System
Binocular Disparity points (C) nearer than fixation (P) have crossed disparity points (F) farther than fixation have uncrossed disparity.
Higher Processing of Visual Information: Lecture III
What is Stereopsis? The process in visual perception that leads to the sensation of depth due to the slightly different perspectives that our two eyes.
Blue= rods Green = Cones Pathways from the Retina In the brain, retinal ganglion axons travel to… –the hypothalamus: control bodily rhythms.
Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Binocular Vision and The Perception of Depth.
The Visual System Into. to Neurobiology 2010.
Motion Depth Cues – Motion 1. Parallax. Motion Depth Cues – Parallax.
Chapter 10 The Central Visual System. Introduction Neurons in the visual system –Neural processing results in perception Parallel pathway serving conscious.
Color vision Different cone photo- receptors have opsin molecules which are differentially sensitive to certain wavelengths of light – these are the physical.
VISUAL PATHWAYS Organization of LGN of thalamus Organization of Visual Cortex What Stream How Stream The Binding Problem.
Human Sensing: The eye and visual processing Physiology and Function Martin Jagersand.
Chapter 10 The Central Visual System. Introduction Neurons in the visual system –Neural processing results in perception Parallel pathway serving conscious.
Infinity of Interpretations There are an infinite number of interpretations of the 2D pattern of light on the retina.
The visual system Lecture 1: Structure of the eye
Visual Cortex: V1. V1 lateral view medial view calcarine sulcus.
Reading Gregory 24 th Pinker 26 th. Seeing Depth What’s the big problem with seeing depth ?
Careers for Psychology and Neuroscience Majors Oct. 19th5-7pm in SU 300 Ballroom B.
Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception  Depth Perception  ability to see objects in three dimensions  allows us to judge distance Visual Cliff.
Depth Perception – Monocular and Binocular Depth cues
DEPTH PRINCIPLES The ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions.
Unsupervised learning
By Andrea Rees. Gestalt Principles 1) Closure 2) Proximity 3) Similarity 4) Figure VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES OVERVIEW Depth Principles Binocular 1)
Visual System: Photons to memory. -- Each sensory system responds with some specificity to a stimulus and each employs specialized cells - the peripheral.
BY JESSIE PARKER VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES. VISUAL PERCEPTION Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing.
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: EYE TO CORTEX Outline 1. The Eyes a. Structure b. Accommodation c. Binocular Disparity 2. The Retina a. Structure b. Completion c. Cone.
The Visual Cortex: Anatomy
Slide 1 Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bear: Neuroscience: Exploring.
Visual System: Photons to memory. -- Each sensory system responds with some specificity to a stimulus and each employs specialized cells - the peripheral.
VIEWING THE WORLD IN COLOR. COLOR A psychological interpretation Based on wavelength, amplitude, and purity Humans can discriminate among c. 10 million.
1 Perception, Illusion and VR HNRS 299, Spring 2008 Lecture 8 Seeing Depth.
Vision Part 2 Theories on processing colors. Objectives: The Student Will Compare and contrast color theories (VENN) Explain the Gestalt Theory List your.
Perception. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
CHAPTER 4 – SENSATION AND PERCEPTION SECTION 1 – SENSATION AND PERCEPTION: THE BASICS Objective: DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SENSATION AND PERCEPTION, AND EXPLAIN.
Gestalt Organization How the brain organizes incomplete information perceptually into a whole. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” Our experiences,
Two Views of Perception: Bottom-up processing: -Low-level -Feature driven Top-down processing -Knowledge driven -Unconscious inference (Helmholtz)
Encoding of visual stimulus Cells in the retina perform this function 1-morphology of the retina.;constituting three cellularandtwo synaptic layers.light.
Higher Visual Areas 1.Anatomy of higher visual areas 2.Two processing pathways - “ Where ” pathway for motion and depth - “ What ” pathway for form and.
Depth Perception Kimberley A. Clow
Outline Of Today’s Discussion 1.Monocular & Binocular Depth Cues: Understanding Retinal Disparity.
Visual Perception There are two categories of cognitive processes that we use when we assign meaning to incoming information. What are they?
Key points Early abnormal stimulation/activity leads to long-term functional deficits (in vision these deficits may be called amblyopias) Understand key.
Figure 12.1 Central projections of retinal ganglion cells
Understanding Psychophysics: Spatial Frequency & Contrast
Activity-dependent Development
Visual Perception. What is Visual Perception? Visual perception are rules we apply to visual information to assist our organisation and interpretation.
Binocular Disparity points nearer than horopter have crossed disparity points farther than horopter have uncrossed disparity.
1 Computational Vision CSCI 363, Fall 2012 Lecture 12 Review for Exam 1.
Independent Component Analysis features of Color & Stereo images Authors: Patrik O. Hoyer Aapo Hyvarinen CIS 526: Neural Computation Presented by: Ajay.
Chapter 6 Perception. The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect. selective attention.
How good are you are judging distance?. We are learning about...We are learning how to... Perceiving the world visually Depth perception Binocular depth.
Visual Perception Part B. Depth Perception Allows us to see three dimensions even though images on retina are two dimensional Allows us to judge distance.
Depth Perception Allows you to see the world in three dimensions (3D) Allows you to see the world in three dimensions (3D)
Processing visual information - pathways
Visual Sensory System.
Visual Perception Principles
How do we perceive?.
Chapter 6 Perception Chapter 6 perception.
Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Chapter 6: Perception Pages
Central Visual Pathways
Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Presentation transcript:

How do we see in 3 dimensions? Sterovision

Retinal Disparity Objects that are far or near project slightly different images on our retinas. This creates “retinal disparity”, which provides clues to distance.

To Achieve Stereovision, Our Eyes Must Converge on a Point Convergence point Zero disparity Negative disparity Positive disparity

The Convergence Point and Disparity Positive disparity Convergence point Zero disparity Negative disparity

How does the brain process the images from the two retinas?

Visual aferences

Ocular Dominance Columns Orientation specificity Eye specificity

Ocularity of Neurons in V1 Monocular neurons respond to the activity of one eye, either the right eye or the left eye. Binocular neurons respond to the simultaneous activity of both eyes.

Monocular Neurons Activated by one eye only Example is left eye monocular neuron LGN LGN Inactive Active when left eye is stimulated

Stimulating only one eye is not sufficient to activate Binocular Neurons Stimulating only one eye is not sufficient to activate LGN LGN Inactive Inactive

Activated only when both eyes are stimulated Binocular neuron Activated only when both eyes are stimulated LGN Active!

The right and left eyes project to different adjacent regions of the visual cortex: Ocular dominance columns

Formation of Ocular Dominance Depends on Activity Visual Cortex Left eye closed Right Left