Review of Anatomy of The Female Reproductive System Dr Jacqueline Woodman Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecology UHCW
Aim Review the principle structures of the female reproductive system Review briefly the function of these structures in reproduction State how these structures may be assessed
External Genitalia: Inspection-Palpation
Innervation of External Genitalia
Reasons for knowing the nerve innervation!
a successful pregnancy is a well mother and baby after birth! Two Passengers! a successful pregnancy is a well mother and baby after birth!
Maternal and Perinatal loss
Reasons for knowing the dimensions of the pelvis!
Reasons for knowing the dimensions of the pelvis!
The Uterus & Cervix The cervix connects the uterine cavity to the vagina It consists of the internal os, the cervical canal and external os The ectocervix is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix is composed of simple columnar epithelium. The area adjacent to the border of the endocervix and ectocervix is known as the transformation zone.
The transformation zone of the cervix undergoes metaplasia numerous times during normal life when the columnar epithelium is replaced by metaplastic squamous epithelium e.g. puberty, under hormonal influence of the menstrual cycle & menopause T ZONE All these changes are physiological. However, this metaplasia increases the risk of cancer - the transformation zone is the most common area for cervical cancer to occur.
Examination of the Vagina & Cervix Cusco speculum allows the cervix to be visualised for: swabs for infection screening cervical screening Simms speculum allows prolapse to be assessed
Reasons for knowing about the cervix!
The Uterus The uterus is composed of: Endometrium Myometrium Serosal epithelium
Uterus Blood Supply
Reasons for knowing the blood supply of the pelvis! Ana Maria Denzo, 30, died as a result of severe bleeding. Mrs Denzo, a nurse at Northwick Park Hospital, was the 10th woman to die at the maternity unit. Mrs Denzo was induced on Feb 23, and underwent an emergency caesarean but suffered severe internal bleeding for weeks. She was transferred to St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, central London, but died on March 19, 2005.
Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries Each ovary suspended by the mesovarium and attached to the lateral pelvic wall by ovarian suspensory ligament which carries blood vessels to it. Also attached to uterus by ligament of ovary. The Fallopian tubes, lined with ciliated epithelia, allows passage of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Its different segments are (lateral to medial): infundibulum with its associated fimbriae near the ovary, the ampullary region (the major portion of the lateral tube) the isthmus (narrower part of the tube) the interstitial (also intramural) part that transverses the uterine wall
Reasons to know about Fallopian Tubes & Ovaries!
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