Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Outline we may need to save some topic in lecture Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence HIV viral particle Mechanism of infection Transmission Treatment AIDS Prevention
Greater spot nose monkeyRed capped mangabey monkey SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1 Humans
Pan troglodytes troglodytes Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1
Sooty mangabey monkey Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2
HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication
HIV
HIV-1 PARTICLE
The key HIV genes
Mechanism of Infection VIRAL RNA PROVIRAL DNA Infects T h cell Integrates into host DNA “activated” LYTIC STAGE storage LYSOGENIC STAGE
RETROVIRAL REPLICATION
HIV animations search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid= #docid=
T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red
HIV and helper T cells HIV-1 HOST CELLS : helper T lymphocyte, macrophages
LYTIC STAGE
Transmission of HIV
Biological fluids –Blood –Sexual transmission (Semen) –Breast milk –Transplant tissues
Non-transmitting sources of HIV Tears Saliva Mosquito or insects Swimming pool Food handling
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Cocktail Therapy
Examples of anti-retroviral drugs Cocktail Drug Mixtures –Protease inhibitors –Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs) –Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) –* Fusion Inhibitors*Fuzeon –Integrase Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors block Co-receptors on host cell Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle or
Co-Receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin) Binds naturally occurring chemokines
Prevention Condoms Clean needles Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs Blood screening Abstinence
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Symptoms of AIDS Decrease T cell count Rapid weight loss Recurring fever and dry cough Profound fatigue Swollen lymph glands
Symptoms of AIDS Persistent diarrhea Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat pneumonia memory loss, depression
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Opportunistic Diseases and cancer pneumonia Kaposi’s Sarcoma