Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

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Presentation transcript:

Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Outline we may need to save some topic in lecture Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence HIV viral particle Mechanism of infection Transmission Treatment AIDS Prevention

Greater spot nose monkeyRed capped mangabey monkey SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1 Humans

Pan troglodytes troglodytes Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1

Sooty mangabey monkey Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2

HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication

HIV

HIV-1 PARTICLE

The key HIV genes

Mechanism of Infection VIRAL RNA PROVIRAL DNA Infects T h cell Integrates into host DNA “activated” LYTIC STAGE storage LYSOGENIC STAGE

RETROVIRAL REPLICATION

HIV animations search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid= #docid=

T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red

HIV and helper T cells HIV-1 HOST CELLS : helper T lymphocyte, macrophages

LYTIC STAGE

Transmission of HIV

Biological fluids –Blood –Sexual transmission (Semen) –Breast milk –Transplant tissues

Non-transmitting sources of HIV Tears Saliva Mosquito or insects Swimming pool Food handling

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Cocktail Therapy

Examples of anti-retroviral drugs Cocktail Drug Mixtures –Protease inhibitors –Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs) –Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) –* Fusion Inhibitors*Fuzeon –Integrase Inhibitors

Fusion Inhibitors block Co-receptors on host cell Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle or

Co-Receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin) Binds naturally occurring chemokines

Prevention Condoms Clean needles Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs Blood screening Abstinence

Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease

Symptoms of AIDS Decrease T cell count Rapid weight loss Recurring fever and dry cough Profound fatigue Swollen lymph glands

Symptoms of AIDS Persistent diarrhea Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat pneumonia memory loss, depression

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Opportunistic Diseases and cancer pneumonia Kaposi’s Sarcoma