© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Welcome to Unit 6 Agenda for Tonight! Welcome House keeping issues 1. Grades 2. Unit 5 Unit 6 Compare & Contrast Open Questions

The Effective Reader (Updated Edition) by D. J. Henry Chapter 7: More Thought Patterns PowerPoint Presentation by Gretchen Starks-Martin St. Cloud State University,MN © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Thought Patterns Thought patterns use transitions to show the relationship between ideas in a paragraph, passage, or textbook chapter. Some common patterns are: Comparison-and-Contrast Cause-and-Effect Generalization-and-Example

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Comparison-and-Contrast Comparison points out the ways in which two or more ideas are alike. “Writing, like farming, follows a planting, growing, and reaping cycle.” Contrast points out the ways in which two or more ideas are different. “Women differ from men in their styles of communication.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words & Phrases of Comparison Alike As As well as Equally In like manner In a similar fashion In a similar manner In the same way Just as Just like Like Likewise Resemble Same Similar Similarly

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words and Phrases of Contrast Although On the one hand Conversely To the contrary Nevertheless Differently At the same time In contrast Different Still On the contrary Even though Instead As opposed to On the other hand Difference Despite Yet But In spite of Different from

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Combined Comparison-and-Contrast “Although yoga and Pilates share similar characteristics, an important difference exists. Both yoga and Pilates are low-impact forms of exercise that improve posture, flexibility, and contraction. However, the primary goal of Pilates is to strengthen the midsection and buttocks. On the other hand, yoga does not focus on any one part of the body. Rather yoga works the opposing muscles of the entire body.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Cause-and-Effect A cause states why something happens. An effect states a result or outcome. “Because Selena memorized the algebra formulas and practiced using them, she did well on the test.” “Due to the amount of snow on the streets and highways, schools and businesses have shut down.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Unit 6 Project For this project, read the passage entitled “Types of Volcanic Eruptions” on page 267 in your text. As you read, use the Tree Diagram to identify the main idea and supporting details. The template for this assignment is available in Doc Sharing. Type in the main idea at the top box and the supporting and information about these details below the main idea box provided. As you click inside each box, you will be able to type into each box.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Then write an analytical text summary (5-7 sentences) that includes the key information of the passage and post that as well. An analytical text summary is a description of an article, book, passage, or other reading that is written in your own words. During this unit of the course, you will write a paragraph summary for the different passages located in the text. To write a text summary, follow these guidelines: 1. In the first sentence, identify the main idea of the passage. 2. In the body of the paragraph (could be from 3-5 sentences), explain the details that support the main idea (the supporting details). 3. In the last sentence, include a concluding sentence that reviews the ideas supplied in the rest of the paragraph. Finally save the Tree Diagram and the analytical text summary template to your computer as a Word document and then upload it to the Unit 6 Project Dropbox.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Analytical Test Summary Create your analytical text summary below. Remember that the summary must all be in your own words and use proper writing and grammar. Directions for creating your analytical text summary: In the first sentence, identify the main idea of the passage In the body of the paragraph (could be from 3-5 sentences), explain the details that support the main idea (the supporting details). In the last sentence, include a concluding sentence that reviews the ideas supplied in the rest of the paragraph.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Questions?????

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Cause-and-Effect Words Because Consequently Accordingly Because of Leads to Results in As a result Due to If-then Since So Therefore Thus

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Generalization-and-Example Pattern In this pattern, the author makes a general statement and then offers an example or a series of examples to clarify the generalization. “As technology evolves, it saves time; for example, broadband Internet access cuts down on the time needed to access information on the World Wide Web.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Words that Introduce Examples an illustration for example for instance including once such as to illustrate typically

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Definition Pattern in Textbooks Often a textbook will define new words and special terms and then give examples. The pattern is often: Term and Definition Example

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Definition Pattern Definition signal words: Is Are Means “Emblems are body gestures that directly translate into words or phrases.” Example signal words: For example Such as “For example, a person may give up a high-paying job in the city to take a lower-paying job in a small town.”

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Which pattern is it? “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” __cause-and-effect __comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Which pattern is it? “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” __cause-and-effect X comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter Review Comparison points out the ways two or more ideas are alike. Contrast points out the ways two or more ideas are different. The words like, similarly, and likewise show the comparison pattern. A cause states why something happens. An effect states a result or outcome.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter Review An author will often begin with a cause and then give the effects. The phrases as a result, leads to, and therefore show the cause-and-effect pattern. Example words signal that a writer is giving an instance of a general idea to clarify a point. A definition explains the meaning of a new, difficult or special term. Examples follow a definition to show how the word is used or applied.

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Practice Remember to complete your scorecard for the Review Tests in this chapter. Complete the Applications, Review Tests, and Mastery Tests for Chapter 7 in your textbook.