World Exploration

Causes God, Glory & Gold  Fascination with East: Marco Polo bought silk, porcelain, spice, tea in Asia  Missions spread Christianity  Wealth gave power to Monarchs, nation  Sale of goods, precious metals = $  Fascination with East: Marco Polo bought silk, porcelain, spice, tea in Asia  Missions spread Christianity  Wealth gave power to Monarchs, nation  Sale of goods, precious metals = $

New Technology  Caravels-new ships had Lateen (triangular) sails, allowed them to sail against wind. Other improvements, more seaworthy  Cartography-better map making. Used Ptolemy’s system of longitude/latitude  Sextant-device measured distance of stars over horizon to determine location  Caravels-new ships had Lateen (triangular) sails, allowed them to sail against wind. Other improvements, more seaworthy  Cartography-better map making. Used Ptolemy’s system of longitude/latitude  Sextant-device measured distance of stars over horizon to determine location

Portugal Leads the Way  Prince Henry (the Navigator)-son of king of Portugal established schools for explorers and sponsored voyages  Bartholomew Dias-first to reach south tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope 1487  Vasco da Gama-open trade in E. Africa, made Portugal rich, da Gama national hero. Reached Calicut (SW India)  Pedro Cabral-claimed Brazil for Portugal in Won trade war in mideast.  Prince Henry (the Navigator)-son of king of Portugal established schools for explorers and sponsored voyages  Bartholomew Dias-first to reach south tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope 1487  Vasco da Gama-open trade in E. Africa, made Portugal rich, da Gama national hero. Reached Calicut (SW India)  Pedro Cabral-claimed Brazil for Portugal in Won trade war in mideast.

Spain seeks Gold & Riches  Christopher Columbus 1492 Italian hired by Spain. He boldly goes west, hits Bahamas, thinks he’s in Asia. Amerigo Vespucci realizes it’s a new world (America)  Hernan Cortez (Conquistador) conquers Aztecs with help of small pox 1519  Francisco Pizarro conquers Incas 1530  Christopher Columbus 1492 Italian hired by Spain. He boldly goes west, hits Bahamas, thinks he’s in Asia. Amerigo Vespucci realizes it’s a new world (America)  Hernan Cortez (Conquistador) conquers Aztecs with help of small pox 1519  Francisco Pizarro conquers Incas 1530

Dispute between Spain & Portugal  Two countries fought over claimed terr.  Pope helped by drawing Line of Demarcation down Atlantic Ocean.  Portugal asked to move line west to include Brazil. Spain agreed and both signed the Treaty of Tordesillas  Two countries fought over claimed terr.  Pope helped by drawing Line of Demarcation down Atlantic Ocean.  Portugal asked to move line west to include Brazil. Spain agreed and both signed the Treaty of Tordesillas

Spanish in New World  Few women came to Americas. Spanish men married natives. Offspring=Mestizo  Encomienda - Spaniards’ system of forced labor on natives, later Africans  Few women came to Americas. Spanish men married natives. Offspring=Mestizo  Encomienda - Spaniards’ system of forced labor on natives, later Africans

Magellan Circumnavigates  5 ships, 250 men & Ferdinand Magellan seek water route to Balboa’s discovery of the Pacific Oc. across Panama  He goes around Cape Horn (So. Tip of South Amer.) to Guam, Philippines.  He gets killed in war in Phillipines.  18 men, 1 ship make it to Spain  5 ships, 250 men & Ferdinand Magellan seek water route to Balboa’s discovery of the Pacific Oc. across Panama  He goes around Cape Horn (So. Tip of South Amer.) to Guam, Philippines.  He gets killed in war in Phillipines.  18 men, 1 ship make it to Spain. 1522

French, Dutch & English Explore  Jacque Cartier discovers St. Lawrence R.  Samuel de Champlain sails up St. Lawr. He claimed Quebec (New France) 1608  Marquette & Joliet explore Great Lakes  By 1600 Dutch controlled previous Port- uguese ports in Dutch East Indies  1609 Henry Hudson (English) sails west for Dutch. Claims Manhattan as New Neth.  1634 Dutch claim islands in Caribbean, open the Dutch West Indies.  Jacque Cartier discovers St. Lawrence R.  Samuel de Champlain sails up St. Lawr. He claimed Quebec (New France) 1608  Marquette & Joliet explore Great Lakes  By 1600 Dutch controlled previous Port- uguese ports in Dutch East Indies  1609 Henry Hudson (English) sails west for Dutch. Claims Manhattan as New Neth.  1634 Dutch claim islands in Caribbean, open the Dutch West Indies.

English Settle North America  1607 Jamestown. Almost fails but grows  1620 Pilgrims settle at Plymouth  1628 Puritans settle at Mass. Bay  1664 With permission of king, the Duke of York has English oust Dutch from New Neth. Becomes New York  1607 Jamestown. Almost fails but grows  1620 Pilgrims settle at Plymouth  1628 Puritans settle at Mass. Bay  1664 With permission of king, the Duke of York has English oust Dutch from New Neth. Becomes New York

Conflicts  French and Indian War, , the British fight French for control in Amer. Part of the World Wide 7 Years War. Britain wins most of French territory  Relations with Native Americans started OK, but later worsened. Many conflicts.  Europe brings many diseases and Africans for slaves.  French and Indian War, , the British fight French for control in Amer. Part of the World Wide 7 Years War. Britain wins most of French territory  Relations with Native Americans started OK, but later worsened. Many conflicts.  Europe brings many diseases and Africans for slaves.

The Atlantic Slave Trade Why Africans?  Huge need for labor, Native Americans were dying of European diseases.  Africans had built immunity to diseases  Africans had experience in farming  Africans were strangers to America, difficult to escape, easily recognized.  ,000 Africans to Americas.  Huge need for labor, Native Americans were dying of European diseases.  Africans had built immunity to diseases  Africans had experience in farming  Africans were strangers to America, difficult to escape, easily recognized.  ,000 Africans to Americas.

Spread of Slavery  Spain uses slaves to mine copper 1511  Portugal use slaves on sugar plantations  Dutch, French, English w/ coffee, sugar, tobacco in Caribbean islands.  North America had 2 million by 1830  Many African rulers cooperation with European slave traders.  Spain uses slaves to mine copper 1511  Portugal use slaves on sugar plantations  Dutch, French, English w/ coffee, sugar, tobacco in Caribbean islands.  North America had 2 million by 1830  Many African rulers cooperation with European slave traders.

Triangular Trade

The Middle Passage  The voyage from Africa to the Americas was extremely brutal for the slave.  They were chained under deck packed very tightly (see diagram in reading). Given very little food, difficult to breathe.  Objectors would be whipped on deck in front of others.  Auctioned in Americas to white owners  The voyage from Africa to the Americas was extremely brutal for the slave.  They were chained under deck packed very tightly (see diagram in reading). Given very little food, difficult to breathe.  Objectors would be whipped on deck in front of others.  Auctioned in Americas to white owners