Mr. McLaughlin Chapter 1 Section 4

Plantation Economy

Southern Society Social Classes 1)Wealthy Planters 2) Small farmers 3) Enslaved Africans Economy Based on Tobacco First Successful Cash Crop Grown in Maryland and Virginia Indentured servants produced a large amount of Tobacco South Carolina and Georgia Rice was a major cash crop Indigo also became a cash crop

Tenant Farmers

Disparities in Wealth Plantation Owners – few in numbers Enormous economic and political influence Judges, commanded militias, governed councils Plantations were self sufficient communities Small farmers – were the majority Small plots of land and lived in tiny houses Subsistence farming Landless Tenant Farmers Rented land and farming materials from others farmers – limited profits

Bacon’s Rebellion

Gov. Berkeley restricted voting to those who land and antagonized small farmers buy not protecting from Indian attacks Nathaniel Bacon led a Rebellion against Berkeley’s Gov. Resented control of wealthy plantation owners 1676 led series of raids against Indian villages and burned Jamestown settlement Did win voting rights for non-landowners Convinced gov. to protect farmers moving westward

Slavery Statistics

The Rise of Slavery Bacon’s Rebellion spurred the rise of slavery Fewer Englishmen were willing to become indentured servants (British) Royal African Company began exporting enslaved Africans making it cheaper for colonists to purchase Enslaved Africans were often used as collateral for loans

New England Society Economy Practiced Subsistence Farming Crops – Wheat, grain, veggies, apples, cattle, sheep, and pigs Fishing and Whaling Lumber and Sawmills – Shipbuilding was cheap Most English ships were built in colonies Social Life Centered in Towns Groups were united by a church

New England Society Cont… Local Government Town Meetings Landowners could vote and pass laws Set the Stage for American Rev. Puritan Society Strict rules regulating daily life Gambling banned, no mixed dancing Valued education – instituted elementary and secondary schools

Trade and Rise of Cities Triangular Trade made many New England merchants rich Trade caused Northern ports to become cities Philadelphia, Boston, and New York Charlestown became a city in the South Urban Hierarchy Wealthy Merchants Skilled artisans, innkeepers, and retailers Laborers Servants Indentured servants and enslaved Africans (10-20% of pop.)

Life in Middle Colonies Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Wheat – important cash crop Price more than doubled b/t 1720 and 1770 Much was shipped to Europe Susquehanna, Hudson, and Delaware made it easier for farmers to ship to the coast Wealthy Capitalists immerged from flour industry

Imperial System Mercantilism Economic theory about the world economy Believe a country must acquire gold and silver to become wealthy This is achieved by selling more goods to other countries than one buys from them More gold and silver would flow in than out of country A country should also be self sufficient in raw materials To be self sufficient a country needed colonies to get raw materials Buy raw materials from home county and sell manufactured goods back In New England created some problems Could only trade with England If home country did not want goods, no profits

Triangular Trade

Navigation Acts (King Charles II) All goods shipped to and from colonies on English ships Listed specific products that could only be sold to England or other English colonies Many colonists did not like acts and broke them Began smuggling goods to Europe, Caribbean, and Africa in large quantities King James II tried to end smuggling and created the Dominion of New England Governor Andros was appointed to rule New England, limited self rule Levied new taxes and enforced Navigation Acts Outlawed marriage outside Anglican Church Angered New Englanders

Navigation Acts

William and Mary

Glorious Revolution Catholic King James II also angered Englishmen Parliament invited his protestant daughter (Mary) and Dutch husband James to rule James Fled and thus the bloodless “Glorious Revolution” William and Mary had to accept “English Bill of Rights” Could not suspend Parliament, freedom of speech in Parliament Influenced American Bill of Rights Colonists ousted Governor Andros RI, and CT self gov. MA, ME new royal colony of Massachusetts Headed by governor