First Steps Congress asked states to draft a Constitution Each state drafted their own Constitution Each one included a Declaration of Rights (1 st Bill of Rights) By 1780 (3 years before the American Revolution ended) all states had drafted Constitutions

State Precautions - States were weary of a strong, central power (like King George III) - Wanted to put power in hands of people - Divided power between different branches of government - 2 Branches: Legislative & Judicial

Articles of Confederation – The Basics Articles set up a Confederate government Conducted foreign affairs Maintained Army/Navy (volunteer militia) Borrow money from states

State Money

Unitary Government

Confederate Government

Federal Government

Articles of Confederation - The Basics Limited power of federal govt. No executive officer (President)‏ Confederation Congress could not: -impose taxes-regulate trade Often called a “firm league of friendship” BOTTOM LINE: STATES HAVE MORE POWER

Example of State Power in AOC All 13 states had to approve taxes or tariffs At least 9 states had to approve new ordinances, or laws, before they were made legal Only States can impose taxes (on their own citizens) All states had equal say, regardless of population (1 vote)

Quick Write Do you think we need a new Constitution? Why or why not? Please write your answers in 3-5 bulleted sentences.

Bottom Line Framers agree that AOC is too weak Need to either improve the AOC or draft a new Constitution

Group Work: Persuasive Writing Read pages in your WTP book. Please turn to pages 101 in your WTP book. Remember which group you chose: Group 1 on right side of room, Group 2 on left side Choose 1-2 other people from your group to work with.

Group Work: Persuasive Writing Read the instructions on page 101. Group 1: Research the “Northwest Ordinance of 1787.” You should also use pages in your textbook to help your argument. Group 2: Research Shays' Rebellion. You should also use pages in your textbook to help your argument. As a group, brainstorm topics for your writing. Each member should record the group's responses. Then, type out your argument and print it. Two members of your group must read their argument to the class.

State Constitution ExecutiveLegislativeJudicial Governor House & Senate Supreme Court

States Argue Over Reps. States could not agree on how to represent themselves in national govt. Small states feared big states, big states feared small states 7 small states, 6 large states Create 3 Compromises to agree

“Great” Compromise Settled debate over Representation Senate favors small states (2 per state) House favors large states (based on population) Mandated a Census be conducted every 10 years to determine # of Reps. New states would be awarded equal representation as “older” states

3/5 Compromise - Slave States (south of Delaware) wanted slaves to count as population - This would get the southern states more Reps. in Congress - Decided to count slaves as 3/5 of population (i.e. 5 slaves = 3 people) - South gets representation they wanted - North gets tax $$ from 3/5 of enslaved persons

Fugitive Slave Compromise Slaves may not become freed by escaping to Free States In return, Southern states agreed to end the slave trade within 20 years (by 1807) THIS DOES NOT MEAN ENDING SLAVERY, JUST ENDING THE IMPORTATION OF SLAVES TO THE US