Describe the different methods used by civil rights activists used to protest segregation. Civil Rights Objective 2: Methods of Protest

Groups “Fighting” for Equality NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC): Nonviolent activists pushing for equality Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC): College group fighting for equality Congress of Racial Equality(CORE): Dedicated to civil rights reform through nonviolent action Black Panthers: Demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action

Objective 2: *Changes to rubric Define each of the 5 methods of protest. After each definition, provide the example/instance of success. Summarize what it was and how it was successful. Provide a Video clip of an example of ONE method of protest What do you think was the most effective strategy to achieve Civil Rights? Justify your answer.

1. Boycotts peaceful protest in which people refuse to buy or use certain goods Montgomery Bus Boycott: political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system 381 days- Lead by MLK, Jr. Rosa Parks: refused to give up seat on the bus “It was time for someone to stand up—or in my case, sit down.” ~Rosa Parks

2. Sit-ins sitting down in a public place and refusing to move, thereby causing business to lose customers Greensboro, North Carolina (Woolworth's Diner) Feb 1 st, 1960: 4 African Americans sat down at the all white counter & refused to leave until they were served July 25 th, 1960: 1 st African American ate at the diner

Jackson, Mississippi 1963

3. Civil Disobedience nonviolent refusal to obey a law that the protester considers to be unjust Freedom rider: a civil rights activists who rode buses through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation Goals 1. Call attention to the South’s refusal to abandon segregation. 2. Pressure Federal gov’t to enforce Supreme Court’s desegregation rulings.

4. Marches March on Washington: Goal: spur passage for civil rights bill Freedom Summer: campaign to register black voters in Mississippi & push for passage of voting rights act - White response turned violent

March from Selma to Montgomery Mar 7, 1965 Cameras caught the violence that broke out Americans watched in horror as police officers whipped, beat and gassed the marchers Led to more protesters coming to Selma for support Pressured Johnson to pass voting rights act Led to Voting Rights Act of 1965: eliminating all literacy tests that disqualified many voters

5. Violent –Militant Groups Using any means necessary to promote “Black Power” and black nationalism by taking up arms Riots- From Los Angeles, California to Newark, New Jersey 70% of African Americans lived in urban areas Experienced poverty, prejudice, police brutality Over 100 cities experienced violent protests (1967 alone) Report points to “unfulfilled expectations” raised by Civil Rights movement. When expectations are not met, some African Americans concluded that violence was the only way to move the system.

5 Types of Protests 1. Boycotts peaceful protest in which people refuse to buy or use certain goods 2. Sit-ins sitting down in a public place and refusing to move, thereby causing business to lose customers 3. Civil Disobedience nonviolent refusal to obey a law that the protester considers to be unjust 4. Marches March on Washington: 5. Violent – Militant Groups Using any means necessary to promote “Black Power” and black nationalism by taking up arms