Honors Biology

 Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.  Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Atoms

 BIG biological molecules  Made of smaller parts  Monomers  Carbon-based (organic)  Carbohydrates  Nucleic acids  Proteins  Lipids

 MANY uses, including:  Structural  Transport  Communication/messenger  Control/metabolism  Monomer: Amino acid (20)  Composed of C, H, O, N, S  DNA contains instructions for making protein  More on that later…

 Human cells can only produce 10 of the 20 amino acids  Must ingest the remaining 10 amino acids  Amino acids can’t be stored so they must be ingested daily  Some foods that contain amino acids cells cannot make:  Nuts  Eggs  Fish

 Help move materials across cell membrane  Help cells communicate  Defense/immune system

 Spider webs  Feathers  Hooves  Hair

 Metabolism/chemical reactions  Enzymes  Organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions  Ex: lactase  Video Video