Evolution & Classification

Early Earth Quick Check 1. What does BIOTIC mean? 2. What does ABIOTIC mean? 4. What experiment did Pasteur perform? 5. What theory did Pasteur’s experiment help support? 3. What is the difference between BIOGENSIS and ABIOGENESIS? BIOGENESIS Living Non-living Biogenesis = life comes from other living things Abiogenesis = life comes from non-living things

ABIOGENESIS = LIFE COMES FROM NON-LIVING THINGS BIOGENESIS = LIFE COMES FROM OTHER LIVING THINGS REDI PASTEUR

6. Miller and Urey performed The experiment to the left. Describe their experiment. 7. What organic molecules formed?

Evolution of Cells Quick Check 1.What are the main differences between AUTOTROPHS and HETEROTROPHS? 2. What are the main differences between PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC cells? 3. What are the main differences between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC respiration? 4. What gas was lacking from Early Earth’s atmosphere? Make food Find and Collect food SimpleComplex Aerobic: Uses OXYGEN Anaerobic: does NOT use OXYGEN OXYGE N

EVOLUTION OF CELLS… No OXYGEN, which means NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS, which means organisms found food and did NOT make it Anaerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Cells SUN, WATER & CARBON DIOXIDE available on early earth – the organisms use these to begin doing PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthetic Prokaryotic Cells PHOTOSYNTHESIS creates OXYGEN – this allows heterotrophic organisms to make MORE ATP than with no Oxygen… Aerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Cells Aerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryote (mitochondria) & Photosynthetic Prokaryote (chloroplast) form a partnership… (Endosynbiotic Theory) Eukaryotic Cells 5. What order did cells evolve, starting with the oldest?

Theories of Evolution Quick Check 1. Where do you get your traits from? MOM and DAD So….. 2. If your Mom decided to get a tattoo, does that mean she will pass on the tattoo to you?!! 3. If your Dad decides to become a body builder and goes to the gym for 10 hours a day, will he be able to pass his muscles onto you?!! 4. Your Mom’s hair is brown, but she dyed it blonde. Will she be able to pass her new hair color on to you?!! 5. Your Dad is a smoker and acquires lung cancer from smoking cigarettes for many years. Does that mean he can pass his lung cancer on to you?!!! These are all ENVIRONMENTAL changes! You cannot pass down your environmental choices, only your GENETIC code! NO!!!!

VARIATION (Differences among members of the species) Most with SHORTER necks Occasionally some with LONGER necks COMPETITION (More organisms than resources. Must compete for food, shelter and mates) LONGER neck = easier time getting food Food = survival LONG NECK = BETTER TRAIT LONG Neck giraffes more successful in obtaining food and mates LONG neck gene is passed on because it is the more successful trait Future generations look more and more like the successful traits – LONG NECK giraffes NATURAL SELECTION (Those with the best traits and adaptations for the environment are able to survive and reproduce.) 6. Explain the 3 principles of Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection.

Evidence for Evolution Quick Check 1. How are fossils used as evidence for evolution? 2. What is the difference between relative and absolute dating? 3. Which organism in the diagram is the OLDEST? Why? 4. What the the difference between Homologous Structure and Vestigial Structures?

5. What is embryology? 6. How is embryology used as evidence for evolution 7. What is biochemical evidence? AMINO ACID HUMANS AND CHIMPANZEES Most AMINO ACIDS IN COMMON HORSE – MOST AMINO ACIDS IN COMMON

Mechanisms of Evolution Quick Check 1. What is a species? 3. What does Geographic isolation lead to? 2. What is Geographic isolation? The ocean – different Islands Beak shape changed, due to the different food sources on each island The finches were physically separated The environments were different This means the best adaptations differed by island Over time the populations began to look like the best adapted.

Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance

Just to make sure… ORGANISMS DO NOT CHOOSE SUCCESSFUL TRAITS!!!! THE ENVIRONMENT SELECTS WHICH TRAITS BENEFIT THE ORGANISM FOR THE ENVIRONMENT THEY ARE IN!

KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES USED FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMING: Genus species 1. What is the 7-level classification system? Classification Quick Check

SCIENTIFIC NAMING USED UNDERSTOOD BY ALL SCIENTIST ACROSS THE WORLD. TO NAME: GENUS = FIRST NAME (capitalize first letter) SPECIES = LAST NAME (all lowercase) EXAMPLE: Homo sapien GENUSSPECIES COMMON NAME =HUMAN 2. What is binomial nomenclature?

EAGLE JOCANA COMMORANT KINGFISHER 3. What is a dichotomous key? Dichotomous Quick Check

GEOSPIZA PLATYSPIZA CERTHIDEA CAMARHYNCHUS

Cladograms Quick Check MOUSE and CHIMP Salamander, Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimp Pigeon Hagfish 4. What is a Cladograms? 5. What type of relationships do cladograms show? 6. On a cladogram, what do the tick marks mean?

Phylogenic Trees Quick Review A D, E and F They are the closest together on the same branch 7. What do Phylogenic trees show? 8. Where is the oldest organism located? 9. What does each branch represent? 10. What is a “common ancestor”?