End of Military Reconstruction Handout: “Withdrawal of Federal Troops” Read the handout and answer the following: (1) What events are described in the handout? Can you imagine such a scene happening today? (2) For what purpose exactly is Representative Robert Smalls arguing? (3) How would modern-day events in Iraq and Afghanistan relate to what is described here? Fri, 10/3/14

In-Class, Oral, Group-Quiz 2 Points – Correctly answering the questions and trying one’s best. Each person in group has to make an effort. 1 Point – Does not know the answer but is still trying. Each person has to try. O Points – Does not even try to answer the questions.

Era of Reconstruction - Review From yesterday: (1) How were African Americans intimidated by white Southerners? (2) How were African Americans disenfranchised?

Voter Intimidation “It was in the state of Georgia, in 1946, that a young Negro veteran named Maceo Snipes learned that by the Supreme Court ruling he had a right to vote. No Negro had voted in his county since Reconstruction, but Maceo Snipes went down and registered. The following morning he was sitting on his porch and a white man came up and killed him with a shotgun. His funeral was held the next day and in the midst of the funeral oration, Maceo’s mother rose and moved up through the crowd, up to his coffin, where they waited to lower it into the earth. And she asked her second son to come forth. He was 17. And she said to him, ‘Put your hand on this coffin, and swear on the body of your brother than when you get to be 21, you’re going down to the courthouse to do what he did — to vote.’ ” - Henry Wallace - Progressive Party Candidate for President - “Radio Address,” September, 1948

Disenfranchising African Americans Poll tax “Good character clause” Literacy test Grandfather clause – only if your ancestor previously voted

How did the Era of Reconstruction End? (1) White Southerner Intimidation (2) Disenfranchisement of African Americans (3) Panic of 1873 & Economic problems (4) Compromise of 1877 and loss of support from Northern Republicans

Civil Rights Act of 1875 & 1883 Supreme Court Decision Civil Rights Act of 1875 – Guaranteed equal treatment of African Americans in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service. Supreme Court Decision (1883) – Decides that “no state” can deny citizens equal protection, but private entities can discriminate – hotels, theaters, railroads, restaurants, etc.

Panic of 1873 Financial crisis that triggers a depression, lasting from 1873 to In the U.S. this was known as the “Great Depression,” until THE “Great Depression” of the 1930’s. How could this affect the Era of Reconstruction?

Compromise of 1877 Contested election of Samuel Tilden (Democrat) and Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican). In response for a Republican victory, U.S. Army troops taken out of the American South.

Jim Crow and Segregation Supreme Court Decision - Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court decides the Louisiana law is constitutional. “Equal but separate accommodations” are Constitutionally valid.

In-Class, Oral, Group-Quiz 2 Points – Correctly answering the questions and trying one’s best. Each person in group has to make an effort. 1 Point – Does not know the answer but is still trying. Each person has to try. O Points – Does not even try to answer the questions.