Learning in e-School CHUNG Wai Tung Pui Ching Middle School

資訊科技教育的發展取向 Trends of IT-in-Education 將資訊科技與資訊高速公路引入學校 Implementing IT & IS in Schooling 推動電子化學習者為中心學習 Promote e-Learner-centered Learning 建立學習者為中心電子化學校 Establishing Learner-centered e-School 發展無涯學習型組織 Developing Boundary less Learning Organization 邁向知識創新學校 Towards a Knowledge-Creating School

由學會學習到知識創新 From Learning-to-Learn To Knowledge-Creation

Provide adequate IT facilities Connect to Information Superhighway Integrate IT into School Education Effect the Paradigm Shift Develop Life-long Learning IT for Learning in a New Era Education and Manpower Bureau (1998). Information Technology for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy (1998/99 to 2002/03), Hong Kong.

Impacts of IT on Learning  Connecting the Classroom to the World  Exposing to Wide Range of Information  Developing Individualized Learning Path  Information Technology and New Learning Literacy help students develop abilities to select, interpret, and evaluate the materials and ideas as well as synthesize and create knowledge of their own. IT for Learning in a New Era

Teacher-centered Paradigm  Students gain knowledge through listening, reading, or doing exercises.  Teachers ’ explanation largely determines how well a student can understand a subject matter. IT for Learning in a New Era

Learner-centred paradigm  each student is an individual with different ability and prior learning and social experiences.  Students should participate in the learning process actively.  Students do not learn skills by repetitive practices and do not gain knowledge by “ absorbing the contents of their teachers ’ explanation or by reading explanations from a text and answering related questions ”.  Students learn the ability to synthesize and apply the information in meaningful ways.  Students are both knowledge-user and knowledge- producer. IT for Learning in a New Era

From Teacher-centred to Learner-centered Paradigm  Focus on specific learning activities, such as the use of collaborative learning, case study, problem- solving activity.  Consider that learning occurs in authentic context only.  Change in the perception on teaching and learning, such as a paradigm shift from instruction to learning. IT for Learning in a New Era

Learning-to-Learn e-Learner-centred Learning Model IT for Learning in a New Era Yip, Chee-tim & Cheung, Pui-sze (2001). Learner-centred Learning Model in New Era. In G. D. Chen and J. C. Yang (Eds.), Proceedings of Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer- Assisted Instruction 2001, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, June 8 – 10, 2001, Vol. 2, (p. 653 – 660).

e-Communicating Environment 電子交往環境 傳播交往 Broadcast Communication 傳播交往 Broadcast Communication 個人交往 Personal Communication 個人交往 Personal Communication 互動交往 Interactive Communication 互動交往 Interactive Communication 協作 支持 e-Collaborative Learning Environment 電子協作學習環境 Web-citizens 網友 Professionals 專家 Knowledge Contributor 智者 Knowledge Contributor 智者 Autonomous Learner 自主學習者 Facilitator 推動者 Facilitator 推動者 Supporter 支持者 Anonymous Contributor 隱者 Anonymous Contributor 隱者 Students 學生 Parents 家長 Teachers 教師 e-Learning Environment 電子學習環境 全球資源 Global-resources 校本資源 School-based Resources 校際資源 Inter-school Resources Intranet Internet Extranet 電子歷程檔案系統 e-Portfolio System 電子學習系統 e-learning system 電子校園 e-Academy 回饋 使用

Paradigm Shift in Education in the New Century New Triplization Paradigm Traditional Site-Bounded Paradigm Shift Cheng (2000) Cheng, Y. C. (2000). A CMI-triplization paradigm for reforming education in the new millennium. The International Journal of Educational Management 14(4), 156 – 174.

Triplization in Education Localizaton Individualization Globalization +

Individualizaton Implication of Individualizaton To maximize the motivation, initiative and creativity in teaching & learning: Individualized Educational Programs Individualized Learning Targets, Methods & Progress Schedules Self Life-long Learning, Self Actualizing and Self Initiative Self Managing Students, Teachers and Schools Meeting Special Needs Cheng, Y. C. (2000), p160

Localization Implication of Localization To maximize the local relevance, community support and initiative in schooling, teaching & learning: Community involvement / Resources Home-School Collaboration School-based Management Community-related Learning Experiences Learning from the Daily Local Reality Cheng, Y. C. (2000), p160

Globalization Implication of Globalization To maximize the global relevance and achieve worldwide support and intellectual resources in schooling, teaching & learning: Web-site Learning International visit Learning from the internet International Partnership in T & L Interactions through Video-conferencing across Countries, Institutions & Individuals Cheng, Y. C. (2000), p160

New Learning Paradigm Individualized Learning New paradigmTraditional Paradigm Individualized LearningReproduced Students & Learning 1. Student as centre1. As Follower 2. Individualized Programs2. Standard Programs 3. Self-learning3. Absorbing knowledge 4. Self Actualizing Process4. Receiving Process 5. How to Learn5. How to Gain 6. Self Rewarding6. External Rewarding Cheng, Y. C. (2001), p12

New Paradigm in Learning Localized & Globalized Learning New paradigmTraditional Paradigm Localized & Globalized Learning School-Bounded Students & Learning 1. Multiple Sourses of Learning1. Teacher-Based Learning 2. Networked Learning2. Separated Learning 3. Life-long & Everywhere3. Fixed Period & within Schooling 4. Unlimited Opportunities4. Limited Opportunities 5. World-Class Learning5. School Bounded Learning 6. Local & International Outlook 6. Mainly School Experiences Cheng, Y. C. (2001), p12

Emphasis of New Education Emphasis of New Education in the 21 st century Triplization of Education ( globalization + localization + individualization in education ) Development of Students ’ Multiple Intelligences (MI) Cheng, Y.C. (2001). New Vision of School-based Management: Globalization, Localization, and Individualization. Invited keynote speech at the National Conference on School-based Management organized by the Ministry of Education of the Israel Government in April 1-6, 2001 in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner (1993) Multiple Intelligences Musical intelligence Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence Logical-mathematical intelligence Linguistic intelligence Spatial intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Gardner, Howard (1993). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 10 th Anniversary Edition. NY: BasicBooks

Contextualized Multiple Intelligences In new century Technological Person Economic Person Social Person Political Person Cultural Person Learning Person Cheng, Y. C. (2001), p24

Pentagon Theory of CMI development for Redesign of Education Learning Intelligence Social Intelligence Cultural Intelligence Political Intelligence Economic Intelligence Technological Intelligence Cheng, Y. C. (2000), p158

Multiple intelligence & Triplization LI SI CI PI EI TI Technological Globalization Localization Social Globali- zation Cultural Globali- zation Economic Globalization Political Globali- zation Learning Globali- zation Cheng, Y. C. (2000), p159

Challenges of Design How can Learning Environment be redesigned to facilitate: 1.Development of CMIs? 2.CMI interactions? 3.Intelligence transference? 4.Learning intelligence as the core?

The Restructure of Schooling A case study of Pui Ching Middle School 1.A Boundaryless Organization 2.A Learning Organization 3.An Intelligent Organization

1. Boundaryless Organization Pui Ching e-Campus e-Community & e-Academy

e-Communicating Environment Broadcast Communication Personal Communication Interactive Communication Discovery Learning Project Learning Problem-based Learning Collaborative Learning Assessment for Learning e-Learning e-Learning Environment Web-based Resources e-Portfolio IT & IS Infrastructure Application Platform Resources Management System Student Learning & Assessment System Student Performance Management System System Platform Internet Systems Intranet Systems Network/Sever/TV Systems Security Control Systems Hardware Platform Multimedia Learning Center Networked Computer Computer & TV Network Security Network Changing School Organization e-Leadership e-Management e-Culture e-Assessment e-Learner-centered Curriculum Emerging Pedagogy

Classroom Design for e-School Smart Classroom Mobile Classroom Global Classroom

Smart Classroom Network Computer Interactive Smart-board Video-recording facilities  audio-recording  video-recording  video-conferencing  visualizer  security

Mobile Classroom Mobile/Broadband network support System/Sever support Mobile facilities  download/upload learning resources  photo taking/film recording  input Chinese characters/phrases  running cost

Infrastructure of Mobile Classroom C.T. YIP (2006)

Global Classroom Broadband Network Network Computer Smart-board facilities Video-recording facilities Audio-recording facilities  wireless microphone

Global School Environment Individualization Global Environment Local Environment Networked Infrastructure S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S

Boundaryless Learning Environment C.T.Yip (2004)

Contextualized Multiple Intelligences In new century Technological Person Economic Person Social Person Political Person Cultural Person Learning Person Environmental Person Virtual Person

The Boundaryless Organization Ashkenas, Ulrich, Jick, Kerr (2002) Crossing Vertical Boundaries Crossing Horizontal Boundaries Crossing External Boundaries Crossing Geographic Boundaries

Crossing Vertical Boundaries Free movement up and Down Cross level (s1/s2/s3 …… ) Cross age (11/12/13 …… ) Learning in e-Academy Learning in e-Community

Crossing Horizontal Boundaries Free movement side to side Cross subject (Subject integration) Cross space (Beyond the classroom) Cross time (From past to future) Learning in Smart Classroom Learning in Mobile Classroom

Crossing External Boundaries Movement along the value chain Parents Teachers Professionals Web-citizens Learning in e-Community

Crossing Geographic Boundaries Free global movement Anywhere Anytime Anyway Learning in Mobile Classroom Learning in Global Classroom

Quality Education Establishment of Boundaryless Learning Organization Information Technology & Information Superhighway e-Learning Environment e-Leadership & KM Strategies e-Assessment & e-Portfolio for Learning e-Collaborative Learning Environment e-Communicating Environment

2. A Learning Organization a. Knowledge Building b. Network Building c. Capacity Building

a. Knowledge Building Shifting the Learning Paradigm –Learning in e-Community –Learning in e-Academy Emerging Pedagogy Learning in e-Classroom –Action Learning –Mobile Learning –Global Learning

e-Communicating Environment 電子交往環境 傳播交往 Broadcast Communication 傳播交往 Broadcast Communication 個人交往 Personal Communication 個人交往 Personal Communication 互動交往 Interactive Communication 互動交往 Interactive Communication 協作 支持 e-Collaborative Learning Environment 電子協作學習環境 Web-citizens 網友 Professionals 專家 Knowledge Contributor 智者 Knowledge Contributor 智者 Autonomous Learner 自主學習者 Facilitator 推動者 Facilitator 推動者 Supporter 支持者 Anonymous Contributor 隱者 Anonymous Contributor 隱者 Students 學生 Parents 家長 Teachers 教師 e-Learning Environment 電子學習環境 全球資源 Global-resources 校本資源 School-based Resources 校際資源 Inter-school Resources Intranet Internet Extranet 電子歷程檔案系統 e-Portfolio System 電子學習系統 e-learning system 電子校園 e-Academy 回饋 使用

Knowledge Conversion Cycle (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) Tacit Knowledge Combination Internalization Externalization Socialization Explicit Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge Personal Context-specific “Knowing how” Explicit Knowledge Transmittable Systematic “Knowing that” Knowledge Creation (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) [The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford University Press.] Interaction

e-Learning Environment e-Communicating Environment e-Communicating Environment Knowledge Creation in e-Collaborative Environments Tacit Knowledge Combination Internalization Externalization Socialization Explicit Knowledge Professional Teachers Students Parents Web-citizens Collaboration

Case Study: Halloween Data, Ideas Information Knowledge Wisdom Intelligence The hierarchy of knowledge

b. Network Building As a Networked Human and Technological Environment Mok & Cheng (2001) Mok, M.M.C. & Cheng, Y.C. (2001). A Theory of Self Learning in a Human and Technological Environment: Implications for Education Reforms. International Journal of Education Management, 15(4),

Networked human environment Networked school comprising linked self-learners and classrooms (Mok & Cheng, 2000)

Networked human environment Networked global context comprising linked learning countries and communities (Mok & Cheng, 2000)

c. Capacity Building Intellectual Capital Learning Network –Personal network –Local network –Global network

3. An Intelligent Organization a. Performance Management b. Knowledge Management c. Competence Management Pentti Sydanmaanlakka (2002)

Exploration of Organizational Learning Organizational Learning Performance Management (Individual) Knowledge Management (Team) Competence Management (Organization)

Performance Management Continuous improvement of performance as an objective Objective Setting / Reviewing & Coaching / Evaluation / Development

Knowledge Management Continuous application of new knowledge as an objective The creation of knowledge in an organization

Competence Management Continuous improvement of competence as an objective A possible road to proceed from present into vision

Knowledge-creating School Provide Internet Connection Provide Learning Resources Create Knowledge Repositories Utilize KM Strategies Gather Personal Knowledge Encourage Knowledge Dissemination

Knowledg e-Creating School Create Knowledge Repositories Encourage Knowledge Dissemination Provide Internet Connection Gather Personal Knowledge Provide Learning Resources Utilize KM Strategies

The history of educational reform has suggested that any reform in education is difficult to obtain.

Towards a Knowledge-Creation School Constructing Knowledge Interactively in the New Era Thank You

References Education and Manpower Bureau (1998). Information Technology for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy (1998/99 to 2002/03), Hong Kong. Yip, Chee-tim & Cheung, Pui-sze (2001). Learner-centred Learning Model in New Era. In G. D. Chen and J. C. Yang (Eds.), Proceedings of Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction 2001, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, June 8 – 10, 2001, Vol. 2, (p. 653 – 660). Cheng, Y. C. (2000). A CMI-triplization paradigm for reforming education in the new millennium. The International Journal of Educational Management 14(4), 156 – 174. Cheng, Y.C. (2001). New Vision of School-based Management: Globalization, Localization, and Individualization. Invited keynote speech at the National Conference on School- based Management organized by the Ministry of Education of the Israel Government in April 1-6, 2001 in Tel Aviv, Israel.

References Gardner, Howard (1993). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 10 th Anniversary Edition. NY: BasicBooks Mok, M.M.C. & Cheng, Y.C. (2001). A Theory of Self Learning in a Human and Technological Environment: Implications for Education Reforms. International Journal of Education Management, 15(4),