Chemistry of Life Chapter 2

All Living Things Use Energy Energy in living things is converted from 1 form to another (chemical-physical-thermal etc.) Recall-metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism Energy must be added for most chemical reactions to begin

Chemistry in Biology  The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.  Exothermic – releases energy Energy of Reactions

Chemistry in Biology  endothermic -absorbed heat energy.  The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants. Chemical Reactions

Chemistry in Biology  A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.  Enzymes are biological catalysts.  It does not increase how much product is made and it does not get used up in the reaction. Enzymes Chemical Reactions

Chemistry in Biology  The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called substrates.  The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the active site. Chemical Reactions

Chemistry in Biology  Factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration of reactants affect enzyme activity Chemical Reactions

Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions

Chemistry in Biology Homogenous & Heterogeneous Mixtures  solvent substance in which another substance is dissolved.  solute substance that is dissolved in the solvent. Food coloring dissolved in water forms a homogenous mixture. Water and Solutions

Chemistry in Biology Acids and Bases Water and Solutions

Chemistry in Biology  The measure of concentration of H + in a solution is called pH. pH and Buffers Water and Solutions

Chemistry in Biology  Buffers are mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range. Water and Solutions