How is the Periodic Table broken down? Chemical Families How is the Periodic Table broken down?

Chemical Families A chemical family is… Elements that possess similar chemical and physical properties.

Chemical Reactivity The number of electrons in the outer shell. (AKA valence electrons) All atoms want to become stable chemically by having a full outer shell. 2 in the first shell and 8 in the second and third shells. This is done by sharing or transferring electrons from the same or different elements.

Blank Periodic Table We will be colouring the blank periodic table attached to your notes. A different colour will be assigned to each chemical family. Please make a key that indicates which colours match up with which family. i.e. ALKALI METALS

Chemical Families 1) Hydrogen Family – Can lose, gain or share 1 electron to fill it’s shell. A special case because it only has 1 electron.

HYDROGEN SHADE HYDROGEN ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN GREEN Most commonly found hydrogen: WATER! H20 SHADE HYDROGEN ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN GREEN

Chemical Families Have 8 valence electrons. 2) Noble Gases Have 8 valence electrons. Chemically stable and unreactive.

Most commonly known noble gas: NOBLE GASES Most commonly known noble gas: HELIUM SHADE THE NOBEL GASES ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE YELLOW.

Chemical Families 3) Alkali metals VERY REACTIVE One more electron than the noble gases. Cannot be stored in school because of reactivity.

Alkali Metal Reactivity Video http://www.clipser.com/watch_video/80426

ALKALI METALS Most commonly known Alkali metal: SODIUM When combined with Chlorine, makes Sodium Chloride… AKA Table Salt. SHADE THE ALKALI METAL GROUP ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE BLUE

Chemical Families 4) Alkali Earth Metals Less reactive 2 more electrons then the noble gases.

ALKALI EARTH METALS Common use of Alkali Earth Metals: Magnesium burns so actively in the air that it is often used in flares. Burns a brilliant, bright white. SHADE THE ALKALI EARTH METALS ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE ORANGE.

Chemical Families 5) Halogens Very reactive One less electron then the noble gases.

HALOGENS Common Halogen uses: Iodine: Used to clean cuts and in halogen lamps SHADE THE HALOGEN GROUP ON YOUR PERIODIC TABLE RED

Chemical Families 6) Chalcogens Less reactive 2 fewer electrons than the noble gases. SHADE THE CHALCOGENS ON YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN PURPLE

CHALCOGENS Common uses of Chalcogens OXYGEN: We need it to breathe and survive. POLONIUM: Used to clean photography equipment.

Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids The large families that have the chemical families within them.

METALS Constitute more than 75% of all the elements. Concentrated on the left side and center of the table.

OUTLINE THE METALS SECTION IN YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN BLACK AND LABEL IT

METALS Physical Properties of Metals: Shiny Generally a silver colour (except for gold and copper) Malleable Ductile Solid at room temperature (except Mercury) Conducts heat and electricity.

Examples of Metals Chromium: Used in making stainless steel. Barium: Used in glassmaking and in rat poison Scandium: Used in high intensity lights. Thallium: Used in ant killer and in treating ringworm (in small, controlled amounts)

NONMETALS Constitute about 15% of the elements. Located on the far right side of the periodic table.

OUTLINE THE NON METALS SECTION IN YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN BLACK AND LABEL IT

NONMETALS Physical Properties of Nonmetals: No lustre Brittle (not malleable or ductile) Non-conductors or insulators of heat Non-conductors or insulators of electricity (except graphite) Either solid or gas at room temperature (except bromine)

Examples of Nonmetals Fluorine: Used in rocket fuel. Sulfur: Used in making matches and in pyrotechnics Neon: Used in light signs and in lasers. Radon: Naturally occurring gas that can be a side product of nuclear power plants.

METALLOIDS Constitute about 6% of the elements Located on the ‘staircase’ of the periodic table.

OUTLINE THE METALLOIDS SECTION IN YOUR BLANK PERIODIC TABLE IN BLACK AND LABEL IT

METALLOIDS Physical Properties of Metaloids: Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. All are solid at room temperature. Some have lustre Tend to behave like nonmetals (except in terms of electrical conductivity)

Examples of Metalloids Boron: Used in fighter aircrafts and in soaps. Arsenic: Used in the treatment of cancer, but can be poisonous in large amounts. Silicon: Used in electronics and automotive parts.