World War I Review Standard 11.2

FOCUS QUESTION Examine how the role of the United States changed in the world as a result of World War I. e.g. political, military, economic influece

Causes 1. The ‘isms’ Militarism Nationalism Colonialism 2. Secret Alliances 3. “The Spark”

New Technology = New kind of Modern War 1.Trench warfare 2.Air planes 3.Machine guns 4.Mustard gas 5.High causalities = stalemate across the Western Front

Wilson and Neutrality Americans have divided loyalties in 1914 Changing view German invasion of neutral Belgium U Boats, unrestricted warfare Lusitania Zimmerman Note

Getting Involved in World War I politically neutral for first two years of the war Protect its economic interests Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

Behind the scenes Wilson does prepare for war (1915) National Defense Act = expanded Army Naval Construction Act

American Troops Join WWI “Doughboys” saw action in million Americans saw action in the war They provided a necessary increase in troops

Fighting the War Trench Warfare Many deaths due to advancements in war technology African Americans rarely saw combat were segregated

Home Front Changes Women- right to vote Blackmen Selective Service Act CPI Espionage Act upheld by SC in Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

The Home Front (Loose lips sink ships) Civil Liberties Denied The Espionage Act and the Sedition Act President can censor critics of the war effort War efforts could be threatened Schenck v. U.S the government can restrict the First Amendment right to free speech in time of war.

Home front II Great Migration Women gain more job opportunites

The Red Scare Definition – a wave of widespread fear of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting a revolution in the US Anarchists 1920 Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer had police arrest thousands of radicals in the “Palmer Raids”

The Red Scare (cont.) American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) started to protect rights. Sacco and Vanzetti Italian Immigrants and known anarchists accused with shooting two men during a hold up at a shoe factory ACLU provided defense they were found guilty Sacco and Vanzetti were electrocuted 8/23/1927

The Spanish Flu (Influenza) A bird flu mutated & spread to humans Gave people a feeling of doom….

Results Allies win with the assistance of the United States Germany punished U.S world power League of Nations Congress and President disagree on U.S. joining

Wilson’s Peace “Peace without Victory” Fourteen points 1.Freedom of the seas 2.Freedom of trade 3.End of colonialism 4.Reduction of arms 5.No secret alliances 6.Self determination 7.League of Nations

Paris Peace Conference Allies want vengeance Allies create a League of Nations Ottoman Empire split into 3 provinces Creates problems in the 20 th century later

Paris Peace Conference Allies reject Wilson’s ideas Vengeance/ revenge Allies create League of Nations Peace treaty causes as many problems as it tried to solve Results New map of Europe Ottoman empire gone in Middle east

Treaty and the U.S. Senate Senate must APPROVE treaties U.S. Senate DISSAPPROVES TREATY OF VERSAILLES U.S. Senate votes against joining the League of Nations Problem: most U.S. Senators were isolationists Result: League of Nations fails

Results in America US rejects Treaty of Versailles Did not want to be “entangled” in world problems Isolationism Henry Cabot Lodge _ reservationists Rejected as written; wanted changes Nov Senate rejects Treaty Senate isolationist

Effects of War 1.Flu Sept – Red scare communists and radicals Sacco and Vanzetti executed

3. The United States becomes a world power Creditor nation

Outcome Overviews German & Russian monarchies ended New gov’ts were formed Britain& France were economically/politically weak US was prosperous new world order

The Economy Slows Post WWI Fewer women were working African Americans had to fight for jobs with returning soldiers Race riots broke Inflation (rising prices) hit America million+ people went on strike for better wages or work hours