Obj. What factors led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire? What is happening and why ? (leave 2 lines) 1. Golden Age of ottoman Empire 1500’s-1600’s 2. Economic Problems 1700’s-1800’s 3. Political Problems 1700’s- 1800’s 4. The Threat of Nationalism 5. Tanzimat Reforms and Repression The Rise of the Young Turks

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What is happening and why?  “A figure seemed to cross the sunlight, the silence of death fell on the crowded room: Abdul- Hamid had entered…. I should have been born a Turk and then I would have been awe-stricken… by the recollection of the Sultans whose flags floated on three continents and four seas… Not having been born a Turk, I could only see a tottering old man, bent.. Weary… and [looking] ten years older than he really was?”

Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire  After the capture of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire began a golden age until the late 1700’s  Led by Suleyman the Magnificent, who was as Sultan, expanded the Ottomans territory from the Middle East into the “Balkans” (central and Eastern Europe)

Economic Problems ’s  1500’s-1600’s helped control trade from the Asia to Europe, however with improvements in sailing their role diminished  Competitions from European goods, caused artisans and merchants to lose money causing:  Urban riots by Artisans  Dependence on Europe for goods  Decrease in Exports   Growing tax corruption

Political Troubles 1700’s- 1800’s  As Russia began to Westernize and improve their military in the 1700’s, they soon challenged Ottoman rule in eastern Europe, and began taking territories  Sultan Selim III attempted to improve the military by building a new army and navy, however the increasingly corrupt Janissaries saw this as a threat and assassinated the Sultan

The Threat of Nationalism  Early 1800’s, more European countries began uniting under their common culture and fighting for independence from “foreign” rule = NATIONALISM As problems grew in the Ottoman empire these countries successfully won independence: Austria Hungary :1700 Greece : 1829 Serbia : 1878 Egypt : “1830’s”

Tanzimat Reforms and Repression  In 1839, the Sultan launched a program of reforms aimed at “Westernizing” the Ottoman, 1. European education system 2. New constitution with more rights 3. Industrialized factories/ railways 4. New navy As more “liberal” ideas spread into the empire,the new Sultan Abdul Hamid suspended the constitution, increased his absolute power, killed, jailed and removed liberal dissidents (protesters)

The Young Turks  A group of exiled liberals, calling themselves the “Young Turks” soon called for restoration of the old, more liberal, constitution  As their numbers and popularity grew, they soon took power in a bloodless coup– diminishing the power of the Sultan to a figurehead reforming the constitution

Step 1: Grouping and gathering evidence Using the documents provided, analyze the factors which led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire: Directions: Using docs. 1-4 choose one of the Key points Provide evidence (don’t quote, summarize the main idea)

Step2: Analyze for POV You want to analyze the POV in order to justify the reliability of your evidence or further support your key point (Tone, Author’s background, occasion/timing, audience, Motivation/reason) We will focus on 4 ways: 1. Tone: How does the tone of the source help show nationalist feelings? 2. Author Background: Why is the author’s background important to consider and how does it support the evidence 3. Reason/Motivation: What motivated the author to construct this source 4. Audience: Why is the audience important to consider when thinking about the reliability of this source