2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia1 Almost 5 years on orbit Reinhard Beer The Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA on behalf of the entire TES team © 2009 California Institute of Technology. US Government sponsorship acknowledged.

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia2 Instrument Status TES continues in good health, albeit with some signs of deterioration of the scan mechanism bearings (lubricant appears to be exhausted). All other mechanisms (e.g. pointing system and coolers) are working perfectly with no signs of degradation. Following a NASA HQ review (in progress), we have every expectation that we will be given a two-year extension to the mission, especially as no follow-on mission is planned for many years. To date, TES has generated over 734 Global Surveys (nadir point samples every 1.5 degrees for 16 orbits [26 hours]). These are interspersed with Special Observations (more dense sampling over limited regions). More than 2248 of these have been collected to date. Routine limb viewing (4x OPD) was discontinued in 2005 to preserve instrument life. Low resolution scans are still feasible but rarely used.

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia3 TES Standard Products (Nadir) ProductRangeEstimated Prec. & Acc.Vertical Res. L1B RadiancesN/A K: Bias < 0.3K;  < 0.3K K: Bias < 0.5K;  < 0.5K N/A Atmos. Temp hPaBias < 0.6K LT; < 0.5K UTLS  = 1.5K LT; 1K UTLS 1 km LT; 3 km UTLS O3O3 10 – 1000 hPa High bias 3 – 10 ppb in trop;  = 7 – 16 ppb 4 – 6 km CO100 – 1000 hPa Low bias 5 – 10%;  = % 6 km H2OH2O200 – 1000 hPa Moist bias < 5% LT;  ~ 20%; Dry bias ~ 15% UT;  ~ 40% 2 – 4 km HDO400 – 900 hPaHDO/H 2 O high bias ~ 5%; prec ~ 1.5%6 km CH – 700 hPa High bias 3-4%;  = 1-2% 8-9 km HNO 3 10 – 200 hPa  = 30% 4 km Sea Surf. TempN/A Night low bias 0.15 – 0.3K;  = 0.5 – 0.8K Day low bias 0.2 – 0.4K;  = K N/A Cloud-top PresN/A Bias 50 hPa;  = hPa N/A Cloud Eff.  20 – 900 hPa Limited sensitivity for  < 0.2 N/A

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia4 Planned Future Standard Products WhatWhereWhy NH 3 Lower TropAerosol precursor; Ecological impact CH 3 OHLower-Mid TropVOC; Ozone precursor JacobiansMid-Upper TropOLR; Radiative Forcing CO – 800 hPa (< 1 DOF)Carbon cycle

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia5 OZONE & ITS TRANSPORT

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia6 OZONE: THE GOOD & THE BAD

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia7 CONTINENTAL VENTILATION AND INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT CONTINENTAL BOUNDARY LAYER mixing ~ 1 day 1-3 km Source continentOcean weak winds Fast removal of ozone, PM (deposition, chemistry) FREE TROPOSPHERE Receptor continent fronts convection every ~ 5 days strong winds slow removal of ozone, PM Subsidence mixing ~ 1 day rain; scavenging of PM mixing ~ weeks STRATOSPHERE Background

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia8 THE TES INSTRUMENT

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia9

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia10 TES Observation Geometry

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia11 Fourier transform spectrometerFourier transform spectrometer Wavelength response: 3.3 to 15.4 micronWavelength response: 3.3 to 15.4 micron One scan every 4 or 16 sec. (0.1 cm -1 or cm -1 res.)One scan every 4 or 16 sec. (0.1 cm -1 or cm -1 res.) Four optically-conjugated 1x16 pixel detector arraysFour optically-conjugated 1x16 pixel detector arrays Spatial resolution of 5 x 8 km at nadir & 2.3 km at limbSpatial resolution of 5 x 8 km at nadir & 2.3 km at limb Passively cooledPassively cooled 2-axis gimbaled pointing mirror2-axis gimbaled pointing mirror TES specifications

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia12 TES Nadir View Limb View TES on the Aura Spacecraft

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia13 SOME SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia14 Almost 5 Years of Regional Time-Trends (From the TES web site)

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia15 Regions Selected for Time Trends 1 2 3

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia16 Mediterranean Time Trends Deviation from the Mean Ozone Carbon Monoxide

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia17 N.W. Pacific Time Trends Deviation from the Mean Ozone Carbon Monoxide

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia18 Deviation from the Mean South America Time Trends Ozone Carbon Monoxide

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia19 Lower Tropospheric Ammonia & Methanol (From Beer et al, GRL 2008) Lower Tropospheric Ammonia & Methanol (From Beer et al, GRL VOL. 35, L09801, doi: /2008GL033642, 2008)

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia20 Signatures of NH 3 & CH 3 OH in TES Residuals

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia21 Profiles & Averaging Kernels

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia22 Footprints

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia23 Concentrations Circles: Beijing; Triangles: San Diego

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia24 Carbon Monoxide (CO) from The Dec 2006 Australian Fires (M. Luo et al., paper in preparation)

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia25 Both TES and MLS CO at 215 hPa show enhancements over the S. Pacific ocean. The high CO amounts can be traced back using Hysplit back-trajectories to the SE Australia fires in early/mid December Upper trop CO observed by TES and MLS on Aura

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia26 For more information:

2009 May 6ASSFTS14 Firenze, Italia27 TES Operating Modes Global Survey: 16 orbits of nadir & limb observations repeated every other day. This is the source of Standard Products. Stare: Point at a specific latitude & longitude for up to ~4 minutes. Transect: Point at a set of contiguous latitudes & longitudes to cover ~850 km. Step-&-Stare: Point at nadir for 4 seconds (5.2 seconds with necessary reset). Spacecraft has moved ~40 km. Point at nadir again. Repeat indefinitely. These last 3 modes constitute Special Products that are obtained only when no Global Survey is scheduled.