1.2 The Process of Science 2013 - 2014 Introduction Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Aristotle's opinions accepted until 1300s, but many WRONG depended.

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Presentation transcript:

1.2 The Process of Science

Introduction Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Aristotle's opinions accepted until 1300s, but many WRONG depended on thought, rather than observation e.g. size vs. number of teeth

The Scientific Method of Problem Solving development began in 16th and 17th centuries scientific method - investigation involving experimentation and observation to acquire new knowledge, solve problems, and answer questions tool for answering scientific questions not a set order of activities - process

The Scientific Method

The Steps in the Scientific Method Define the problem. Make observations. Form a hypothesis. Experiment. Accept or reject the hypothesis.

e.g. Starting a Fire What property makes objects combustible? List what will and will not burn. State why you think the items that burn have that property. Attempt to burn items that have the desired quality. Apply the new knowledge to other materials.

Scientific Hypotheses, Theories and Laws theory - hypothesis that has passed many supportive tests theories qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (mathematical) must be falsifiable (able to be disproven) never proven true, never fact discarded and replaced when contradicted by observation

Scientific Hypotheses, Theories and Laws scientific law - statement that summarizes results of many observations and experiments describes observed pattern without any known exception theories used to predict future events e.g. discovery of Charles' law and Henry's law

Experimentation observation required for science experiment - controlled method of testing hypothesis under conditions we want at time and place of our choosing seeking new information or to verify another's data e.g. pools of water controlled experiment - compares results of experimental sample to control sample

Scientific Models reliance on careful observation and well- known physical laws - form models model - descriptive, graphic, or three- dimensional representation of hypothesis or theory used to enhance understanding needed to communicate things that are very small or very large does not always agree with experimental results and observation model only as good as data collected