N 2 O-It’s No Laughing Matter! Leilei Ruan and Sandy Erwin.

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Presentation transcript:

N 2 O-It’s No Laughing Matter! Leilei Ruan and Sandy Erwin

Introduction  Surface temperature has increased to 0.74 o C from 1906 to 2005 and are expected to rise to o C by  The increases of greenhouse gas (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O) since 1750 are dramatic compared with antecedent concentrations CO 2 concentration 280 ppm 379 ppm CH ppb 1774 ppb N 2 O 270 ppb 319 ppb

Biofuels Question: can biofuels really mitigate Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions?

Biofuels are not 100% “GHG neutral” due to cultivation  Soil CO 2 will release when soil carbon is oxidized following cultivation  CH 4 oxidation is reduced  N 2 O is released Concentratio n Global warming potential by time horizon 20 years 100 years 500 years CO ppm111 CH ppb N2ON2O319 ppb

Nitrogen in animals and microbes Bacteria fix N 2 NH 4 + NO 3 - NO x, N 2 O nitrificationdenitrification Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in plants Nitrogen back to soil N2N2 N2N2 +

 Extra source for nitrogen cycle:  Soil Safari : ventures/soil/down_dirty.html 6

The impacts of nitrogen fertilizer management on GHG emissions in switchgrass Hypothesis: The response in soil N 2 O emissions to the inputs of N fertilizer in switchgrass will be non-linear; in particular, fluxes will increase sharply after biomass yields no longer increase.

Objective 1 : To determine the Impacts of nitrogen fertilizer management on GHG emissions in switchgrass Hypothesis: The response in soil N 2 O emissions to the inputs of N fertilizer in switchgrass will be non-linear; in particular, fluxes will increase sharply after biomass yields no longer increase.

Experimental design

Block 2 Block 1 Block 3 Block m 10m 4.75m N-Rate( kg ha -1 ) Block 1 Block 2

Experimental materials and methods Static Chamber - 4 samples taken during an hour-long closure. Gas Chromatograph: N 2 O (ECD) (CV=2.4%), CH 4 (FID), and CO 2 (IRGA) analysis

Field time 13

Data nugget and discussion 14