Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT) Caltech Space Radiation Laboratory Aleksey Bolotrikov, Hubert Chen, Walter R. Cook, Fiona Harrison, Peter Mao, Steve Schindler * Currently at MIT Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Jim Chonko, Mario Jimenez-Gerate *, Chuck Hailey, Jason Koglin, David Windt, Haitao Yu Danish Space Research Institute Finn Christensen, Carsten Jensen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Bill Craig, Kurt Gunderson, Klaus Ziock

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 HEFT Science  Imaging and spectroscopy of 44 Ti emissions and non-thermal continuum in young Supernova remnants  Sensitive hard X-ray observations of obscured Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)  Spectroscopic observations of accreting high-magnetic field pulsars  Galactic Center: observe compact objects in outburst/quiescence

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Supernova 44 Ti with 68 and 78 keV nuclear transitions.  Synthesized near the mass cut (the boundary between the innermost ejecta and the material that falls back to form the collapsed remnant).  Production and ejection sensitive to explosion mechanism and ejecta dynamics.  Map Density and velocity distribution.

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Instrument Overview  Conic-approximation Wolter-I optics: 6 m focal length  Thermally Formed Glass Substrate: 300 um thick  Depth-graded W/Si Multilayers: 20 – 70 keV  CdZnTe pixel detector resolution: 1 keV  Effective Area: 250 cm 40 keV  Over-constrained optics: 1’ HPD  Field of view: 20 keV  Pointing stability: 20”

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 HEFT Flight Assembly

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Multilayer Coated Glass Optics Thermally Formed Glass  Reasonable cost  Thin and light weight  Low surface roughness  Mass producible  8 ovens at Columbia  1.5 technicians  >1 optics layer/day W/Si Multilayer Coatings  Enhanced reflectivity with broad energy acceptance  High throughput at DSRI coating facility  ~2 optics layers/day

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Telescope Assembly Method  Each spacer layer (upper & lower) is individually machined to the precise radius and angle:  Assembly errors do not stack up  < 8” assembly error contribution  Multilayer optic shells are constrained to spacers with epoxy:  Only near net shaped shells are necessary to obtain 1’ HPD performance  Fast and robust assembly process:  Requires 1 tech for 1 layer/day

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Metrology Comparison

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Laser Scanner vs. LVDT a) Laser Raw c) Laser Phase Error Removedd) LVDT Phase Error Removed b) LVDT Raw

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Optics Development HPD = 31” 51” Prototype with 200  m thick glass 39” Prototype with 200 cm segments HPD = 30” Example:

Jason Koglin, APS/HEAD, April 2002 Achievements  Utilized surrogate mounts at Columbia for R&D  Demonstrated < 8” assembly machine error  Demonstrated consistency of X-ray, UV & LVDT metrology methods  Correlated free-standing (Laser) and mounted glass (LVDT)  1.0’ HEFT prototype optic using 300  m thick glass substrates  51” optic using 200  m thick glass – meets Con-X HXT requirement  39” optic using short glass segments  In-depth data analysis and FEA of glass mounting (with LLNL)  Improve thermal glass slumping process and characterization  New and improved multilayer coatings up to 170 keV (D. Windt)  Collaborate with GSFC on mounting Epoxy Replicated Thermally Formed Glass (W. Zhang)  Next generation substrates: mandrel-less forming, graphite thermo-vacuum forming, VELCRO, Si wafer  Improve assembly machine to ~3” with true Wolter-I parabolic/ hyperbolic geometry Research Directions