Head & Neck

What’s in your head?

1. The Skull: a) Frontal b) Parietal c) Occipital Occipital Protuberance- d) Temporal Zygomatic Arch- Mastoid Process- Styloid Process e) Sphenoid f.) Ethmoid

ALacrimal BNasal CMaxilla DZygomatic EMandible Body Angle Ramus

 Meninges- layers of tissue that surround brain and spinal cord. Has areas of space between each layer  DURA MATER- outer layer made up of arteries & veins  SUBDRUAL SPACE  ARACHNOID LAYER- spider web of veins  SUBARACHNOID SPACE- contains CSF  PIA MATER- inner layer lines brain and spinal cord  Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - protects, cushions and nourishes the central nervous system.

1. Four Major Areas: a) Cerebral Hemisphere- major portion of the brain (83%) 1) Divisions:  LEFT  RIGHT 2) SUD DIVISIONS:“LOBES”  Frontal  Parietal  Occipital  Temporal

 Frontal lobe – high thinking, aggression, motivation  Parietal lobe - touch, pain, balance, taste, temperature  Temporal lobe - hearing, smell, memory  hippocampus  Occipital lobe - vision

b) Diencephalon: the uppermost region of the brain 3 Major Divisions: 1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalmus c) Brain Stem: the control center of the brain.  Medulla Oblongata – consciousness/connects to spinal cord  Pons – controls breathing  Mid-Brain – controls movement d) Cerebellum – coordinated muscle movements/balance

 Cervical Vertebrae: C1-C7  Atlas  Axis  Transverse Process  Spinous Process  Body

 Intervertebral Disks  Cartilagenous discs that lie between the vertebrae.  Act as shock absorbers of the spine.

MuscleLocationFunction SternocleidomastoidAnterior aspect of the neck Flex neck; rotate the head TrapeziusPosterior aspect of the neck Extends neck; adducts scapula

 Cranial nerves  12 pair that branch off of the brain  CN IOlfactory  CN IIOptic  CN IIIOculomotor  CN IVTrochlear  CN V Trigeminal  CN VIAbducens  CN VIIFacial  CN VIIIVestibulocochlear  CN IXGlossopharyngeal  CN XVagus  CN XIAccessory  CN XIIHypoglossal

 CN ISmell  CN IISense of Vision  CN IIIRaise Eyelids  CN IVEye Movement  CN VFacial Sensation  CN VILateral Eye Movement  CN VIIFacial Expressions  CN VIIIBalance/Hearing  CN IXPharynx/Swallowing  CN XHeart Rate  CN XIShoulder Shrug  CN XIITongue Movement

 Spinal Nerves; nerve root pairs (31) that branch off the spinal cord.  Brachial Plexus (C5-T1) – bundle of spinal nerves that innervate the shoulder and arm muscles