CHAPTER 22 Section 2:Origins of the Cold War Objectives: How and why did the alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union end? How did the.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 22 Section 2:Origins of the Cold War Objectives: How and why did the alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union end? How did the US attempt to stop the spread of communism and aid Europe? How did Germany become two separate countries? What Cold War alliances developed in Europe? Europe and North America in the Postwar Years

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War NATOWarsaw Pact Both Bell Ringer 22.2: What are the similarities and differences between NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War Once upon a time …

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War A rivalry emerged after WWII …

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War EASTERN BLOC WESTERN BLOC United States supported by Western democracies and noncommunist nations. Soviet Union and its allies of communist Countries. This struggle quickly became known as the COLD WAR.

Political Cartoon Origins of the Cold War

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War Two sides were very different… Completely different economic and political systems Each side believed that its system should be the model for European reconstruction. Each side was concerned about future security.

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War The “Iron Curtain” In a March 5, 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri -Winston Churchill said that “…an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the Continent …” …became a short-hand reference to the division of Europe as the Cold War strengthened. The Iron Curtain served to keep people in and information out of communist controlled countries.

Political Cartoon Origins of the Cold War

Political Cartoon Origins of the Cold War

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War United States aids Europe… Civil war broke out in Greece in 1944 between communists and conservatives. GB had intervened and declared a truce. In 1946 the communists renewed the war. In February 1947, the British told Truman they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers in Greece.

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War 12 Mar 1947 – President Truman addresses Congress and set forth a policy that is called the Truman Doctrine.

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War Truman Doctrine Declared the US must consider the continued spread of communism to be a threat to democracy The US would support free peoples resisted takeover by communism Asked Congress to provide $400 million to help defend Greece and Turkey from communist aggression

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War We would NOT stamp out communism where it already existed. But if a country requested assistance to prevent a communist takeover, We would offer materials, money, and technical assistance. The United States committed itself to restrict or contain the spread of communism. CONTAINMENT

Visual Source Origins of the Cold War This illustration from the July 16, 1948, U.S. News magazine shows the beginnings of American containment policy. The U.S. is seen sending troops, advisors and weapons to Turkey in hopes that the country will resist communism and remain democratic.

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall announced the European Recovery Program. To avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, Marshall announced that the purpose of sending aid to Western Europe was completely humanitarian, and even offered aid to the communist states in the east. … created an economic miracle in Western Europe. By the target date of the program four years later, Western European industries were producing twice as much as they had been the year before war broke out.

Political Cartoon Origins of the Cold War

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War The Cold War In Europe How did the Soviets react to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? American capitalist plot to dominate Europe What was their response? Formation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) Tightened its grip on Eastern Europe

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War NATO Warsaw Pact

CHAPTER 22

SECTION 2 Origins of the Cold War members relied heavily on U.S. nuclear weapons as a deterrent to aggression members pledged to supply troops in proportion to their population in case of attack meant to provide protection for member nations in case of attack NATOWarsaw Pact Both