The Age of Iron and Coal Iron was needed for machines and steam engines. Fuel (coal) was needed to produce the iron Coal would leave impurities in the iron, so Abraham Darby found a way to remove the impurities from coal

Changes in Textile Industry Textile: woven fabrics The Early Industry: In the 1600s cloth was imported from India. To cut costs, the British came up with a system to develop cloth at home

Putting Out System Raw Cotton to peasant families to spin into thread Skilled artisans in towns finished and dyed the cloth Thread taken to be woven into cloth Production was slow  New Inventions 

Major Inventions John Kay’s Flying Shuttle James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny: Spins many threads at the same time Richard Arkwright’s Waterframe: Using water power to speed up spinning

First Factories New machines were too large and expensive to be used in homes  creation of factories Factories were first located by rivers/streams to access water for power After the steam engine was developed the locations could vary

Revolution in Transportation On Land Turnpikes – privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them Canals Stronger bridges Steam locomotive  growth of railroads First major rail line was from Liverpool to Manchester in England (1830)

Revolution in Transportation On Sea Paddle wheel steamboats to pull barges along canals Steamboat invented by Robert Fulton in 1807 (Clermont traveled 5 mph)