Warm up: 11/10/14 On a sheet of lined paper, List FACTS about the following: ▫1 fact about the Republic of Rome ▫1 fact about an emperor of Rome ▫1 fact about the empire of Rome ▫1 fact about the fall of Rome ▫1 similarity between Greece and Rome ▫1 contribution Greece and Rome has given to modern society

Ancient Rome & The Origin of Christianity Outcome: Byzantium: The New Rome

Byzantium: The New Rome 1.Setting the Stage a.Due to Germanic Invasions, the Western Roman Empire had collapsed b.For nearly 1,000 years after the collapse of the Western Empire, Byzantium in the east would continue to thrive and build upon its Roman foundations

Byzantium

Byzantium: The New Rome 2.Why was Byzantium called The New Rome? ▫Simple: it was Roman ▫Byzantium had Roman emperors, architecture, culture, and Christianity ▫Byzantine emperors ruled with absolute power- head of church as well ▫There were differences such as they spoke Greek instead of Latin

Byzantium: The New Rome 3.Why was Byzantium wealthier? a.Byzantium was located in the middle of several trade routes that allowed it to prosper b.Weren’t prone to the Germanic attacks like the Western Empire

Byzantium: The New Rome 4.Emperor Justinian a.Takes control of the Byzantium in 527 AD b.Set up the Justinian Code: uniform set of laws created from outdated Roman laws i.Contained 5,000 Roman laws still considered useful ii.Broken up into 4 works (The Code, The Digest, The institutes, the Novellae) c.Built many churches including the Hagia Sophia, hailed as the most splendid church in Christian world d.Plagues and attacks cause the Byzantine Empire to fall after death of Justinian

Byzantium: The New Rome Justinian’s Obsession Restoring the Roman Empire The Code was the first step. Captured many islands (Sicily) and Northern Africa Short – lived… continued invasions of the West Did hold off invasions to the Eastern Empire Preserved Greco Roman Culture (Greek and Roman Culture)

Byzantium: The New Rome Rebellions During the Reign of Justinian One Major Rebellion Nikka “Victory” Rebellion Fans in the Hippodrome often rioted Justinian’s government was harsh Angry mob packed the place and demanded Justinian be overthrown He almost left, but his wife (Theodora) urged him to stay in the city Slaughtered 30,000 fans

Byzantium: The New Rome Theodora: Byzantium Empress Reforms: rights of women in divorce and property ownership, gave mothers some guardianship rights over their children, and forbid the killing of a wife who committed adultery.

Byzantium: The New Rome 5.A Christian Empire a.Christianity had spread since the height of the Roman Empire b.Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan that made Christianity legal c.The Church Divides in 1054 i.Roman Catholicism in the West 1.Services conducted in Latin 2. The Pope has authority of all other bishops 3.Priests cannot marry

The Hagia Sophia

Byzantium: The New Rome The Fall of the Byzantine Empire After Justinian’s death- riots, religious quarrels, foreign dangers, etc. Plague- resembled bubonic plague ▫Lasted until around 700 ▫Height in ,000 people per day died Attacks from East and West ▫Used bribes, marriages, and diplomacy to resist ▫Constantinople managed to survive, but fell in 1453

Byzantium: The New Rome ii.Eastern Orthodox Church in the East 1.Services conducted in Greek or local languages 2.The Patriarch and other bishop head the Church as a group 3.Priests may be married

The Church Divides Christianity developed differently in both parts of the empire- distance and communication Differences ▫Leadership- supreme authority in East was the Emperor, West was Pope ▫Icons- East used to aid in worship, West (Leo 111 banned their use as idol worship)- one pope excommunicated the Byzantine emperor ▫Religious Doctrine- the pope and patriarch excommunicated each other.

The Final Split Shortly after the joint excommunication Roman Catholic Church= Western Orthodox Church= Eastern Missionaries competed for converts ▫Cyrillic Alphabet used to translate the Bible to convert the Slavs who developed into Russia

Byzantium: The New Rome Result: The Roman Empire dwindled into oblivion allowing the Middle Ages to begin. However, in the east Byzantium held on for a few more centuries, which resulted in a split in Christianity and eventually would set up a bigger conflict: Christianity vs. Islam.

Warm up: 11/11/14 At the bottom of page TWO on the handout answer the following in complete sentences or write and answer the following (writing the questions or answering in complete sentences will help you study the material): ▫Where was the Byzantine empire? (old eastern or western Roman empire) ▫What was the capitol of the Byzantine empire? ▫Why was the Byzantine empire able to prosper? (do good)? ▫List one accomplishment of emperor Justinian. ▫Why is empress Theodora an important figure in byzantine and world history? ▫What is the Great Schism? ▫What caused the Byzantine empire to come to an end?