African Society & Culture Ch 7, p. 127

Ch 7.1 Vocabs Plateau Savanna _________________ Patrilineal Diviner ________________

Africa’s Diversity Geographic Zones – Mediterranean ________________ – _____________ – _______________ Eastern mountains, plateaus, and Great Rift Valley – ___________ Climate Zones

African Society Towns and small villages _________________: – Common ppl descended from same ancestry – Women subordinate to men But societies ________________ Education – Taught by mothers when young – Once grown, boys learn from fathers – After puberty, initiation _______________________

Society Cont’d. Slavery?! – ________________________________________ Already common throughout the globe North African ______ groups raided southern villages in the __________ for slaves to sell – Slaves not seen as inferior, often war prisoners, debtors, or criminals

African Religions Gods and rituals – ______________________________________ Ancestor worship __________________ – Especially in N Africa, through trade with Middle East Christianity – In 300s, __________________________________

African Culture Yoruba Twin Statues Art: Often depicting religious beliefs – Wood carvings: masks, statues – Metalwork by the _______________ in 1200s and 1300s

Culture Cont’d. Dance – __________________________, SUPER popular ___________ – Main method of history preservation, mythology and storytelling __________: priests or spiritual leaders of stories – Like a European ‘bard’

Ch 7.1 Discussion & Review T/F: African societies were traditionally patrilineal. – __________________ What religion arrived in African through Middle Eastern traders? – _________ What N African tribe is known for capturing and selling slaves? – _________

Kingdoms & States of Africa Ch 7.2, p. 135

Ch 7.2 Vocabulary _________________________ Stateless society Factor Security __________________

______________________ Pops up around 500 AD – Small rural villages No laws, but strong Kings w/ armies – Tons of natural resources: iron, ivory, gold, and ore GOLD traded for salt to preserve/season food – ______________________________ Even taxed all traded goods in kingdom

Berbers ______________ – Linked ppl across Sahara and W Asia – _______________ Up to 100 Camels, the trip could take 30 to 40 days to cross the Sahara

Query Why do you think the Berbers and their camel caravans were crucial to trade across the Sahara? – _________________________________________ _________________________________________

Kingdom of Mali Founded by Sudiata Keita – After collapse of Ghana in 1100s Gold and Salt – Major trade, leads to wealth and good education – ________________ Most famous leader: ________________ – Doubles size of kingdom – Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1300s, throws gold around

Mansa Musa, Mali Cont’d. Expands using a strong central gov’t. – _________________________________________ _________________________________________

Kingdom of Songhai Location: fertile area along Niger river – Lots of farming, like Ghana and Mali Two main figures: – ________________: 1464, creates dynasty on Sunni Islam Captures Timbuktu – _______________: height of military power Kingdom stretched about 1000 miles along Niger river – Navy created!

Songhai Cont’d. Eventually __________ became the ______________________________ – But in 1500s the sultan of Morocco starts taking land and in the 1600s Songhai collapses

Bantu Migration Migration to S and E Africa – _________________ – Techniques for iron smelting and growing crops

Africa’s East Coast Sea trade = huge – Muslim trade outposts in 700s Mix with Bantus Port of Kilwa – Awesome architecture, ________________ ___________________________________ Destroyed in 1500s by Portuguese

Africa’s EC, Cont’d. Other cool ports: – ___________: 900s, in modern day Somalia – Mombasa: 1100s, in modern day Kenya ______________ culture/language – ___________________________________ Swahili is a mix of Arabic and Bantu dialects – Today, national language of Kenya and Tanzania

Query Why do you think Muslims settled along the eastern coast of Africa? – _________________________________________ _________________________________________

South African Societies _____________________________________ – _______________________________ _______________ – Most powerful state in S Africa in early 1300s – Gold/cattle traded with Swahili merchants – Ruins of Great Zimbabwe (in the early capital)

Query What did the kingdoms of W Africa and S Africa have in common? – Trade, culture, organized government, powerful cities

Ch 7.2 Discussion & Review Mansa Musa is famous for doubling the size of what kingdom? – _____________ What originally W African people spread techniques for smelting iron and language to S Africa? – ____________ The W African city of _________ was known an Islamic education hotspot. – ____________________