Aim #51: How did federal government policies affect the lives of Native Americans in the 19th century? DO NOW! PLEASE READ THE EXCERPTS REGARDING THE SAND.

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Presentation transcript:

Aim #51: How did federal government policies affect the lives of Native Americans in the 19th century? DO NOW! PLEASE READ THE EXCERPTS REGARDING THE SAND CREEK MASSACRE AND HAVE OUT LAST NIGHT’S HW

(I) PLAINS INDIANS a. Europeans introduce horse (more mobility on plains), firearms, alcohol and disease b. Results of white moving out west: 1. Severe decline in # of bison 2. Moved off their land 3. Treaties broken 4. Bison get in the way of railroads being built

Uses of the Buffalo 1. meat - roasted on the campfire, boiled, for pemmican and jerky (Mrs O’Malia’s personal favorite) 2. hides :winter clothing, gloves, blankets, robes, ceremonial costumes, hunting, containers, drums, blankets, ropes, tipi covers 3. sinew (muscles) - bowstrings, thread for sewing, webbing for snowshoes 4. bones - for making hoes, shovels, runners for sleds, pointy tools, knives, pipes, scrapers, arrowheads 5. horns - spoons, cups, bowls, containers to carry tobacco, medicine, or gunpowder, headdresses, toys 6. tail - fly swatter, whip, tipi decoration 7. brain - used for tanning the hides (to soften the skin) 8. hoofs - rattles, boiled to make glue 9. fat - paint base, hair grease, for making candles and soap 10. dung (manure chips) - fuel for campfires and smoke signals 11. teeth - for decorating, necklaces 12. stomach - containers for water and for cooking 13. bladder - medicine bag, water container, pouches 14. skull - ceremonies and prayer

(II) Indian Wars a. Increase in violence as homesteaders, miners and ranchers moved west b. (1864) Sand Creek Massacre– Colorado 1. Militia killed over 100 Native Americans (including women and children) c. (1876) Battle of Little Big Horn -- Montana 1. Sioux tribe (inspired by Sitting Bull) killed General Custer 2. Often referred to as “Custer’s Last Stand”

d. Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) 1. Ghost Dance Movement begins amongst Sioux in S. Dakota: white would vanish, Indians live on land of abundance and immortal life 2. Over 200 Native Americans killed/massacred 3. Last major clash between U.S. troops and Native Americans Propped up body of Chief Big Foot

III. Attempts at Assimilation a. Helen Hunt Jackson : wrote A Century of Dishonor 1. Documents mistreatment by federal government towards Native Americans 2. Similar effect to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin b. Carlisle Indian Schools : boarding schools intended to assimilate Native Americans into white society

1. Designed to break up tribes and reservations 2. Split reservations into 160 acre private farms 3. US citizenship granted to those who stayed on land for 25 years 4. Failure! Disease and poverty reduced N.A. population greatly

Now…Please flip over do now and answer discussion questions HOW well will YOU do on your Quarterly on Thursday? WINNER OF THE CUTEST BABY IN A STRAIGHT JACKET CONTEST