Zoology Animal Behavior Jeopardy Altruism Avoiding Predation Communication Pheromones & Scraps Labs Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Final Jeopardy Q $600

$100 Question from Altruism How can a behavior that decreases the chance of an organism surviving or reproducing increase in frequency in a population?

$100 Answer from Altruism The Three hypothesis of Altruism: 1.Group Selection 2.Kin Selection 3.Reciprocal Altruism

$200 Question from Altruism Which of the 3 altruism hypothesis is no longer supported by scientists?

$200 Answer from Altruism Group Selection

$300 Question from Altruism How does Kin Selection increase the fitness of an individual even if they are risking there life for another?

$300 Answer from Altruism The one they are putting themselves at risk for must me a close relative. Fitness is the ability of an organism to get there genes to the next generation. But helping out a sister, other close relative, that share many of your genes you can get there genes, thus your own genes into the next generation

$400 Question from Altruism What is the actor and recipient and give an example

$400 Answer from Altruism The Warning Call in Ground Hogs: –First, when other nearby individuals hear the call they recognize that danger is near and flee to safety. Individuals that hear the early warning (the recipients) benefit by having a decreased chance of being killed by the predator. –However, by giving the warning call, the caller (the actor) delays his/her opportunity to flee to safety and attracts the attention of the predator, thus increasing the chance that the caller is killed by the predator.

$500 Question from Altruism A Watusi cow adopted a Wild Bore piglet at Safari West Recently. What is this an example of?

$500 Answer from Altruism Reciprocal Altruism

$100 Question from Avoiding Predation What are the stages of Encounters? (4) & Which is the best to use?

$100 Answer from Avoiding Predation Prey can enhance survival at 4 distinct stages… 1.Avoid detection by predator 2.Avoid attack by predator once detected 3.Avoid capture by predator once attacked (or pursued) 4.Avoid consumption by predator once captured

$200 Question from Avoiding Predation Give 3 examples of Predator Avoidance: Via Detection

$200 Answer from Avoiding Predation Hiding in a refuge –May be a burrow, crevice, nest, under rock, in sediment, etc. Using areas where predator does not occur Predator may not occur ever in that area, or not occur at some times in that area, or not be active when prey is Crypsis (physical, chemical and behavioral)

$300 Question from Avoiding Predation Give 3 examples of Predator Avoidance: Via Avoiding Attack Once Detected

$300 Answer from Avoiding Predation Animal may use a variety of protective mechanisms –Claws, quills, stingers, horns, urticating hairs –Toxins, noxious compounds, sprays, stickysecretions –Large size, fast speed, armor Here, the mechanisms will deter predator from attacking Often advertise noxious or toxic defenses (that are hidden from predator’s view) with aposematic (warning) coloration Prey may also perform behaviors to advertise defenses –Examples include tail-flagging and stotting Mimic

$400 Question from Avoiding Predation Give 3 examples of Predator Avoidance: Via Avoiding Capture Once Attacked

$400 Answer from Avoiding Predation Use the defensive attributes (sprays, quills, stings, goo, armor, etc.) as protection Flee (run away) Fight back against predator This can also include performing threatening behaviors that deter predator (bluffing)

$500 Question from Avoiding Predation What are the 2 types of mimicry and explain the difference

$500 Answer from Avoiding Predation Bastian one species is barrowing the appearance of a dangerous species to gain protection Mullarian: Both are dangerous and it strengthens the relationship

$100 Question from Communication List 5 of the 7 forms of communication

$100 Answer from Communication Forms of communication: 1.gestures, 2.facial expressions, 3.gaze, 4.vocalization, 5.olfactory communication, 6.bioluminescence, 7.electrocommunication.

$200 Question from Communication Which form of communication are these an example of:

$200 Answer from Communication Forms of communication: 1.gestures, 2.facial expressions, 3.gaze, 4.vocalization, 5.olfactory communication, 6.bioluminescence, 7.electrocommunication.

$300 Question from Communication When stag beetles visually assess the size of another males horn before proceeding to a fight, what form of communication is this?

$300 Answer from Communication Forms of communication: 1.gestures, 2.facial expressions, 3.gaze, 4.vocalization, 5.olfactory communication, 6.bioluminescence, 7.electrocommunication.

$400 Question from Communication Pheromones fall into what category of communication and why? List 3 species that use pheromone communication

$400 Answer from Communication Forms of communication: 1.gestures, 2.facial expressions, 3.gaze, 4.vocalization, 5.olfactory communication, 6.bioluminescence, 7.electrocommunicatio n. Bees Ants Termites Cats Humans …

$500 Question from Communication Explain how electrocommunication works and species that use it?

$500 Answer from Communication Conveying messages through the form of electric signals. It is commonly found among aquatic life Lateral Line system in SHARKS and FISH –Have a line of sensory organs on there side that receives electrical signals

$600 Question from Communication What does each piece of the waggle dance show? A B: The Angle C: Sample of food

$500 Answer from Communication Waggle dance” Teaches other workers the location of food sources When: Food source is a long distance: More than 150 meters from the hive. The moves: 1.A:The honey bee first walks straight ahead –Vigorously shaking its abdomen & buzzing –The distance and speed of this movement communicates the distance of the foraging site to the others. 2.B: Bee aligns her body in the direction of the food, relative to the sun. –Communicating direction –C: After performing the waggle dance, the scout bees may share some of the foraged food with the following workers, to communicate the quality of the food supply available at the location.

$100 Question from Pheromones & Scraps How do bees use pheromones?

$100 Answer from Pheromones & Scraps For communication of EVERYTHING: Honey bee pheromones: chemical scents that animals produce to trigger behavioral responses from the other members of the same species. Honey-bee pheromones provide the “glue” that holds the colony together. –The three castes of bees produce various pheromones at various times to stimulate specific behaviors.

$200 Question from Pheromones & Scraps What is a pheromone ad how is it used by animals for communication:

$200 Answer from Pheromones & Scraps A chemical scent that animals produce to trigger behavioral responses from the other members of the same species

$300 Question from Pheromones & Scraps Polygyny mating system: –What is it –How does it work? –Give an example of a species

$300 Answer from Pheromones & Scraps A polygamous mating system: –Polygyny (one male) 1.Resource defense 2.Female defense 3.Male-dominance

$400 Question from Pheromones & Scraps Imprinting: –What is it? –What is the evolutionary advantage of it? –Give an example of a species that does it.

$400 Answer from Pheromones & Scraps The imposition of a stable behavior in a young animal to by exposure to particular stimuli during a critical period in the animals development Advantage: be able to identify a care taker and someone to learn from will improve survivorship Example: Geese and Ducks

$500 Question from Pheromones & Scraps Agression: –What is it? –How it works –What is the advantage?

$500 Answer from Pheromones & Scraps What: –In a competition for food, water, mates, shelter… –Aggression helps resolve competition Most lacks violence How: –Often ritualized displays to avoid violence Advantage: 1.Assess competition before resorting to violence and risking injury

$100 Question from Labs What is righting response?

$100 Answer from Labs The innate response of turtles to flip right side up when upside down,

$300 Question from Labs In the Turtle Righting Time Lab: Why did we look at righting response?

$300 Answer from Labs As a measure of turtle fitness so we could make a recommendation to SSU about incubation conditions effect on hatchling fitness

$400 Question from Labs What were the two incubation conditions used in the experiment and what was tested about them?

$400 Answer from Labs Fluctuating Temperature Incubation (wild) We assessed the fitness of turtles from each group to see if one group would show higher survivorship/be more fit once released. Constant Temperature Incubation (lab)

Final Jeopardy This author wrote, “If one man kills another, it murder, but if a hundred thousand men kill another hundred thousand, it is considered an act of glory!?”

Final Jeopardy Answer Who is Tolstoy? (The book is Kingdom of God)