Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 It allowed seeds to be removed from cotton 50 times faster than by hand It allowed seeds to be removed from cotton 50 times faster than by hand Cotton production in the south went from 730,000 bales harvested in 1830 to 5,387,000 in 1859 Cotton production in the south went from 730,000 bales harvested in 1830 to 5,387,000 in 1859 Cotton represented half of the US export Cotton represented half of the US export

The upper south and lower south or deep south had different climates The upper south and lower south or deep south had different climates The upper south was suitable for growing corn, hemp tobacco, and wheat The upper south was suitable for growing corn, hemp tobacco, and wheat The deep south grew cotton, sugar cane, and rice The deep south grew cotton, sugar cane, and rice When slavery import was banned in 1808 many farmers from the upper south sold slaves to the deep south When slavery import was banned in 1808 many farmers from the upper south sold slaves to the deep south

The Upper South also manufactured goods The Upper South also manufactured goods Brickyards, ironworks, saw mills, textile mills, tobacco factories Brickyards, ironworks, saw mills, textile mills, tobacco factories Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, VA became one of the nations largest and best equipped ironworks Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, VA became one of the nations largest and best equipped ironworks New Orleans became the nations most prosperous export center and 5 th largest city New Orleans became the nations most prosperous export center and 5 th largest city

Industrialization developed slowly Industrialization developed slowly Few immigrants went to the South Few immigrants went to the South Slaves and poor whites (the bulk of the southern population) had little purchasing power Slaves and poor whites (the bulk of the southern population) had little purchasing power 1 in 4 whites owned slaves 1 in 4 whites owned slaves

Few slave holders held more than 20 slaves Few slave holders held more than 20 slaves Those that did, had large mansions and plantations Those that did, had large mansions and plantations Planters wives supervised food preparation, taught the children, housecleaning, mending and spinning, supervised house slaves Planters wives supervised food preparation, taught the children, housecleaning, mending and spinning, supervised house slaves

Yeoman farmers made up the majority of southern white society Yeoman farmers made up the majority of southern white society They raised cattle and pig and sold grain or tobacco and grew their own food They raised cattle and pig and sold grain or tobacco and grew their own food The very poor lived in small cabins and ate poorly The very poor lived in small cabins and ate poorly They hunted, fished, farmed, and raised pigs They hunted, fished, farmed, and raised pigs

Slaves used tradition and heritage such as music, tales, crafts, and folk art that were a mix of British and African Heritage Slaves used tradition and heritage such as music, tales, crafts, and folk art that were a mix of British and African Heritage Churches in the south functioned as social center for southern whites because so many people lived in isolated areas. Churches in the south functioned as social center for southern whites because so many people lived in isolated areas. Religion was used by slave owners to say that whites were superior to Africans. Some saw themselves as spiritual guardians of their slaves. Religion was used by slave owners to say that whites were superior to Africans. Some saw themselves as spiritual guardians of their slaves.

City governments regulated economic affairs and provided public services such as city wells, public schools, gas streetlights, and paved streets City governments regulated economic affairs and provided public services such as city wells, public schools, gas streetlights, and paved streets City Slaves worked in bakeries, factories, markets, mills, and offices City Slaves worked in bakeries, factories, markets, mills, and offices They were much better fed and clothed They were much better fed and clothed Many more free African Americans lived in the Upper South than in the Lower South Many more free African Americans lived in the Upper South than in the Lower South Some slaves could purchase freedom or be awarded freedom by their owner Some slaves could purchase freedom or be awarded freedom by their owner

had to carry identification passes. Free slave had to carry identification passes. They had to pledge property as a guarantee of good behavior. They had to pledge property as a guarantee of good behavior. They were not permitted to vote, hold public meetings, carry weapons, or testify in court against whites. They were not permitted to vote, hold public meetings, carry weapons, or testify in court against whites. In some places free blacks could not attend church unless a white person was present. They could not open a business or learn to read or write In some places free blacks could not attend church unless a white person was present. They could not open a business or learn to read or write