Ottoman Empire

Origins “Osman” = a leader of a western Anatolian nomads Began expanding 14 th century. Gradually took over Anatolia became border between Islam and Byzantium

Sultan Mehmet II ( ) One of the greatest Sultans Called the Fatih (the Conqueror) Reigned in all of Turkey/Anatolia Byzantine Empire was defeated

The Conquest of Constantinople the Imperial phase of the Ottomans Constantinople renamed Istanbul Mehmet II rebuilt city Added: – Mosques – water fountains – Baths and other public facilities

Topkapi Palace

The Sultan’s Bedchamber

Hammam

The Grand Bazzar

Mehmet II encouraged people to move to Istanbul Bribed people from the Ottoman territories with homes and jobs Jewish oppressed in other regions Istanbul = Jewish ‘haven’ Mass Jewish migration

Sultanic law codes Reformed the government Balanced the budget Reinforced Islamic law Suleiman the “Lawgiver”

Suleiman the “Magnificent” Grandeur of his court Built palaces, mosques, schools, libraries, hospitals, roads, bridges, etc. Cultural explosion (pax Ottomanica) – literary, artistic, and scientific achievements

“Blue” Mosque

Bridge on the Drina (Bosnia)

Mostar, BH

Millet system non-Muslims formed small communities allowed to keep their faith Had to pay jitza (a tax). Local officials = Ottoman government officials Non-Muslims

Devshirme Christian youths captured/given Recruited for Imperial Civil Service/ army Converted to Islam The brightest 10% = Palace school and were trained for civil service

Janissaries Lower 90% Sent to Turkish farms trained for toughness elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan

Turkish Coffeehouses coffeehouses = places men get together and discuss stuff. Started as gathering before mosques Eventually became meeting place Professional groups = own coffeehouse

The Harem Sacred place and sanctuary place of honor, respect, and religious purity Private quarters of the family Females only female visitors allowed, but not common Boys stayed with/mothers until 10-11

Decline Weak leadership Corrupt government officials Powerful Janissaries/revolts Heavy taxes – Revolts Diverse population that wanted freedom New world silver = inflation Change in trade routes Selim II (aka the Sloth)

Question 1 Fatih means The crusader The conqueror The helper The great

Question 2 Sultan Mehmet II ruled during the...? Colonial phase of the Ottomans Imperial phase of the Ottomans Decline of the Ottomans The crusades

Question 3 Mehmet II added all of the following EXCEPT Mosques Water fountains Churches Public baths

Question 4 The Jews considered Istanbul? A living nightmare A haven An oppression filthy

Question 5 Non-Muslims paid a tax called Pizza Jitza Feetsa meetsa

Question 6 The process of converting christian youths to Islam and training them for civil service or the army was? Devsirme Crusades Jihad harem

Question 7 The elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan were? The crusades Janissaries Devshirme The harem

Question 8 Suleiman's code of law did all of the following EXCEPT Reformed the government Created equality Balanced the budget Reinforced Islamic law

Question 9 Pax Ottomanica is associated with? Suleiman the Magnificent Rome Mehmet II Zeus

Question 10 Which is NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottomans? Weak leadership Heavy taxes Religious disputes Change in trade routes