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 Sine  The most fundamental sine wave, y=sin(x), has the graph shown.  It fluctuates from 0 to a high of 1, down to –1, and back to 0, in a space of 2 . 2/28/20163

 The graph of is determined by four numbers, a, b, h, and k.  The amplitude, a, tells the height of each peak and the depth of each trough.  The frequency, b, tells the number of full wave patterns that are completed in a space of 2 .  The period of the function is  The two remaining numbers, h and k, tell the translation of the wave from the origin. 2/28/20164

 Which of the following equations best describes the graph shown?  (A) y = 3sin(2x) - 1  (B) y = 2sin(4x)  (C) y = 2sin(2x) - 1  (D) y = 4sin(2x) - 1  (E) y = 3sin(4x) 2/28/20165           

 Find the baseline between the high and low points.  Graph is translated -1 vertically.  Find height of each peak.  Amplitude is 3  Count number of waves in 2   Frequency is 2 2/28/20166            y = 3sin(2x) - 1

 Cosine  The graph of y=cos(x) resembles the graph of y=sin(x) but is shifted, or translated, units to the left.  It fluctuates from 1 to 0, down to –1, back to 0 and up to 1, in a space of 2 . 2/28/20167

 The values of a, b, h, and k change the shape and location of the wave as for the sine. 2/28/20168 AmplitudeaHeight of each peak FrequencybNumber of full wave patterns Period 2  /bSpace required to complete wave Translation h, kHorizontal and vertical shift

 Which of the following equations best describes the graph?  (A) y = 3cos(5x) + 4  (B) y = 3cos(4x) + 5  (C) y = 4cos(3x) + 5  (D) y = 5cos(3x) +4  (E) y = 5sin(4x) +3 2/28/20169     

 Find the baseline  Vertical translation + 4  Find the height of peak  Amplitude = 5  Number of waves in 2   Frequency =3 2/28/      y = 5cos(3x) + 4

 Tangent  The tangent function has a discontinuous graph, repeating in a period of .  Cotangent  Like the tangent, cotangent is discontinuous.  Discontinuities of the cotangent are units left of those for tangent. 2/28/201611

 Secant and Cosecant  The secant and cosecant functions are the reciprocals of the cosine and sine functions respectively.  Imagine each graph is balancing on the peaks and troughs of its reciprocal function. 2/28/201612