Unit 1 School life

Introduction to attributive clauses & Relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, and whose

1. What are they wearing? 2. Can you describe the team using attributives?

1. The green team. 2. The team in green. 3. The team who are wearing green. Attributives prepositional phrase attributive clause adjective

Attributive clauses An attributive clause modifies a noun or a pron in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. e.g. The team who are wearing green.

The attributive clauses are usually introduced by relative pronouns like which, that, who, whom and whose, or relative adverbs like where, why and when.

attributive clause 定语从句 : 修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语 从句。 antecedent 先行词 : 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先 行词。 relative pronoun & relative adverb: 引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做关系代 / 副词。

Mary is a student who is 21 years old. ( ) ( ) The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. ( ) ( ) 先行词 关系代词 关系副词

In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the: subject object predicative attribute adverbial

As subject The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.

The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian. The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous. The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.

As object The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes is kind. The woman got the job. We saw her in the street. The woman (whom) we saw in the street got the job.

The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school. The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.

As predicative Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. As attribute She has a brother. I can’t remember his name. She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.

As adverbial The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school. The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.

关系代词的用法 关系代词 who 指人，作主语或宾语（作宾 语常可省略）； whom 指人，作宾语； whose 指人 / 物，作定语； which 指物，作 主语，宾语 ; that 指人或物， 作主语、宾 语、表语； as 指人或物，作主语，宾语， 表语， as 的作用接近 who 和 which 。

以下情况，引导词用 that ，不用 which 。 1. 先行词为不定代词 everything ， all,little,much,something ， nothing ， anything 等或由 any,every,each,no,few ， little ， much ， all ， the only ， the very 等修 饰时，常用关系代词 that 来引导定语从句。 如： that 和 which

They go to the library to look up any information that they need. 他们到图书馆去查找他们所需要的资料。 This is the very book that I have been looking for. 这正是我在寻找的书。

The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事是找到回家的路。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系 代词 who 。 如： I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。

2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰 时，用关系代词 that 引导定语从句。如： The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。 Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。

3. 先行词同时指人和物时，用 that 。如： We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 我们谈论了我们当时所见的人和事物。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴 子。

4. 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代 词时用 that 。如： Which is the dictionary that you want? 哪本是你要的字典？ Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门旁边的那个男人是谁？

As 作为关系代词还可用于 the same…as 和 such…as 等结构中。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的故事。 This is the same dictionary as I lost. 这本字典跟我丢失的一样。

1.The man _________ stands there is Tom. 2.The girl ____________ I met is Ms Li. 3.The boy ________ watch was lost is Tom. 4.The book _________ lies on the desk is his. 5.The pen ___________ you bought is good. 6.The magazine ________ cover is red is nice. who / that (whom / that) whose which/that (which / that) whose

1. This is the best film ______ I’ve seen. 2. That is the last lesson _____ I gave you. 3. This is the very book _____ I’m after. 4. That is just the coat ______ color is red. 5. That is the right place ______ he works. 6. I still remember the schools and boys ______ I met there. (that) whose where (that)

7. Everything ______ you said is true. 8. Which is the book _____ you want? 9. Who is the girl ______ sits there. 10. All _____ he said is true. 11. All _____ is said by him is true. 12. Are there any problems ____ trouble you? 13. I will make full use of the time ______ there is left for me. (that) that (that) that (that)

14. Such boys ___ you mentioned are well. 15. The boys ____ ___ you mentioned are well. 16. It is so difficult a problem ___ no one can work out. 17. It is so difficult a problem_____ no one can work it out. 18. She wore the same hat ____ you wore yesterday. that such as as

19. You have made the same mistake _____ you made last time I had the same experience ____ you have now. 21.She went to the same place ______ she saw the key. 22. Those ____ are present are well. 23. Is this factory ___ ___ he visited? that where who the one

Complete the article on page 11 using who, whom, which or whose. Answers: 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ which whowhom/who who which whosewho/whom

Complete the sentences. 2. It has many students_____________ _____________________. 3. English is the subject ____________ _______. 4. I admire most an American lady ________________________. from different countries who/that are that/which I who/that teaches us English like best

5. Our History teacher tells us stories ______________________________. 6. I have a good friend _____________ ______________________. 7. The library is a place____________ ______________________. that/which are very interesting whose name is that/which is quiet and comfortable Sally /who is called Sally

1.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was （ 2014 安徽卷） A. when B. where C. why D. which 高考链接

2. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.. （ 2014 北京卷） A. who B. which C. when D. Where

3. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. （ 2014 山东卷） A. which B. whose C. who D. why

4. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position. （ 2014 陕西卷） A. that B. which C. as D. what

Homework Complete the Attributive Clause exercises.