CHAPTER 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT

Valentin Ventura

REASONS FOR MOVING IN GHENT Cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne He pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment/ partial payments during the printing of the novel VENTURA, SAVIOR OF FILI DEDICATED TO GOM-BUR-ZA

SYNOPSIS OF EL FILI Befriended many Spanish officials SIMOUN Powerful figure: befriended the gov-gen FLED TO CUBA Encourages corruption Plan of revenge Promotes oppression of the masses Smuggles arms Hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight Wedding of Paulita Gomez and Julio Pelaez lamp Basilio Isagani Paulita was in danger Arrest was eluded: poison Home Refuge Padre Florentino Cabesang Tales Dispossed of his land by the friars

NOLI AND FILI COMPARED Noli A romantic novel Fili little humor, less idealism, and less romance revolutionary, more tragic than the first novel

RIZAL'S UNFINISHED THIRD NOVEL Letter to Blumentritt NO POLITICS ETHICS Family: prisoner by the Spaniards during the wars in the Moluccas and brought to Manila Sultan Zaide were promised good treatment, but the Spaniards forgot their promise and let them die one by one in misery The hero of the novel Kamandangan Plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers

CHAPTER 20: OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG

FAREWELL TO EUROPE Reasons for leaving Europe Life was unbearable political differences with M.H. del Pilar To be near his country

RIZAL & THE GERMAN LADIES running steamer encountered a: heavy squall the door of the dining room was blown open

Christmas in Hong Kong happy family reunion

Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong To earn a living for himself: Rizal practiced medicine A Portuguese physician, Dr. Lorenzo Marques: helped him to build a wide clientele

BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT Weyler establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah) were willing to give the Filipino colonists 100k acres of land for 999 years, free of all charges. The British authorities of Borneo Hidalgo (Rizal’s brother in law) Why should we go to a foreign land without first exhausting all means for the welfare of the country which nurtured us from our cradles? Weyler was relieved of his gubernatorial office Eulogio Despujol, the new governor, announced to the Filipino people a fine program of government Jose requested the governor-general to permit the landless Filipinos to establish themselves in Borneo Despujol did not give Rizal the courtesy of a reply Philippines lacked laborers and it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil

WRITINGS IN HONGKONG Rizal wrote “A Visit to Victoria Gaol” contrasted the cruel Spanish prison system the moderm and more humane British prison system Constitution of the La Liga Filipina Most important writing made in Hong Kong

DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his: Borneo colonization project To establish: the Liga Filipina in Manila To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic – a patriot in words only Why did del Pilar permit Lete to write in the article? (protest of Rizal to del Pilar)

LAST HONG KONG LETTERS FIRST LETTER: ADDRESSED TO HIS PARENTS AND FRIENDS A man ought to die for duty and his principles SECOND LETTER: ADDRESSED TO THE FILIPINOS I prefer death and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so many innocent persons

RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP A secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers : “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation.” Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out: if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen, as was rumored, one “who had the protection of a strong nation.”

CHAPTER 21: SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA

ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER Rizal & Lucia arrived in Manila Had an audience at Malacanang with Governor- General Despujol Despujol agreed to pardon his father but not the rest of his family.

FOUNDING OF THE LIGA FILIPINA attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of: the Chinese- Filipino, Doroteo Ongjunco explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina a civic league of Filipinos

CONSTITUTION OF THE LIGA FILIPINA To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body Mutual protection in every want and necessity Defense against all violence and injustice Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce Study and application of reforms Motto: One like All

RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO Incriminatory leaflets: “Pobres Frailes” Interview with Despujol satire against the rich Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches contrary to their monastic vow of poverty. thoroughly searched upon their arrival from Hong Kong by the custom authorities Denial of Rizal Under arrest in Fort Santiago published the story of Rizal’s arrest Gaceta de Manila commotion among the Filipino people

ARBITRARY DEPORTATION TO DAPITAN reasons for Rizal’s deportation: (4 years) Writings: disloyalty to Spain “frankly anti-catholic” and “imprudently anti-friar” Incriminatory leaflets: “Pobres Frailes” His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of: three traitors (Gom-Bur-Za) title page “the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country from Spain”

CHAPTER 22: EXILE IN DAPITAN

BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions: retract his errors concerning religion Rizal did: not agree with these conditions Consequently, he lived in the house of the commandant; Captain Carnicero (the warden)

WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY the Lottery Ticket No. 9736: jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Rizal and Francisco Eqiulor (Spanish resident of Dipolog): won the second prize of P20,000 Rizal’s share of the winning lottery ticket was P6,200 He gave P2,000 to his father and P200 to his friend Basa in Hong Kong The rest he invested well by purchasing agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay

RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION Father Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda, with advice that Rizal: should desist from his foolishness in viewing religion from the prism of individual judgment bitter against the friars who committed certain: abuses under the cloak of religion.

RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN Juan Lardet, a businessman purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal. if Rizal was a truthful man, he would have told me that the lumbers were bad. When he read Lardet’s letter, (written to Antonio Miranda) he flared up in anger

RIZAL AND FR. SANCHEZ Fr. Pastells assigned Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez Rizal’s favorite teacher at Ateneo Failed to persuade Rizal to discard his unorthodox views on the Catholic Religion

ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR SPY Pablo Mercado posed as: a relative offered his services as a confidential courier of Rizal’s letter and writings for the patriots in Manila incriminate him in the revolutionary movement

AS PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN To poor patients, who could not afford to buy imported medicine he prescribed the local medicinal plants.

WATERSYSTEM FOR DAPITAN Rizal held the title of expert surveyor which he obtained from Ateneo He applied his knowledge of: engineering by constructing a system of waterworks

COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN draining the marshes in order to: get rid of malaria that infested Dapitan The P500 which an Englishman patient paid him was used by Jose to equip the town with: its lighting system He remodeled the town plaza to enhance its beauty same standards as Europe