Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers – What do we need energy for? ____________________________

Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules – _______________________________________ Animals eat these organic molecules  – digest food to get _______________________________________________ – _______________________________________________

ATP What is energy in biology? Whoa! HOT stuff! Adenosine TriPhosphate

Harvesting energy stored in food ________________________________ – ________________________________ ______________________ – “aerobic” respiration – usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 ATP6CO 2 6H 2 O  + ++ _______ + _______  _______ + _______ + _______ _______ O2O2 food ATP

What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy – ___________________ Fuel – ______: carbohydrates, fats, proteins Helpers – ___________________ Product – ___________________ Waste products – ___________________ then used by plants – ___________________ O2O2 food ATP Make ATP! Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices! enzymes CO 2 H2OH2O

Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

CO 2 + H 2 O + heat fuel (carbohydrates) O2O2 “Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step ATP ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O (+ heat) ________________________ making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps food (carbohydrates) O2O2

Using ATP to do work? A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Can’t store ATP  Too  only used in  Only  carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage ATP _________ work Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Adenosine DiPhosphate Adenosine TriPhosphate

A Body’s Energy Budget eat food (building) energy needed even at rest activity temperature control { growth reproduction repair { glycogen (animal starch) fat { ATP

What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration ___________________________ – also known as ______________ ____________________________ – no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) – can only make very – large animals cannot O2O2 yeast bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration _________________________ – ________________________ yeast – _______________________________ – make beer, wine, bread – ________________________ bacteria, animals – _______________________________ – bacteria make yogurt – animals feel muscle fatigue O2O2 Tastes good… but not enough energy for me!

Light Energy Light travels in ________ _____________ is the distance from 1 crest to another crest

Visible Light Spectrum A small portion of all the possible wavelengths Sunlight is called “_______ light” If you put white light through a prism you get? – All the colors of the rainbow, This is known as the – ________ ________

Light Particles Each particle of light is called a _____ The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it has Violet Red ENERGY

Pigment – A Substance that _________ light You only see the light waves that are _______ off a substance All the other light waves are absorbed by the substance

Colorblindness Test

What color blind people see:

Online Test tm tm

Think… Why do leaves change color in the fall?

Photosynthetic Pigments There are photosynthetic pigments in each chloroplast Chlorophyll a – Primary photosynthetic pigment – Absorbs all light waves Chlorophyll b, Carotenes, & xanthophylls – Absorbs all light waves but red, yellow, and orange – Absorb light and

Chromatography Separating

Chromatography of Spinach

So why are leaves green? There is A LOT more chlorophyll ____ So it hides the other pigments and the leaf appears _______

So why do leaves change colors? In spring and summer time – Leaves have chlorophyll a & b, carotenes, & xanthophylls – All colors except most green is absorbed But during the fall – Chlorophyll a _______ cells – Only Chlorophyll b, carotene, & xanthophyll is left – Leaves __________ orange, yellow, or red

Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy _____________________________ – _____________________________

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun – _____________________________ glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis – 2 separate processes – _______________________ collect sun energy use it to make ATP – _______________________ take the ATP energy collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O +

Using light & air to grow plants 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 sun energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + (ATP) = used to build the sugar ______________________________________ – ______________________________________ ______________________

What do plants need to grow? The “factory” for making energy & sugars – __________________ Fuels – __________________ The Helpers – __________________ sugars ATP Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! enzymes sun H2OH2O CO 2

H2OH2O Photosynthesis _______ _______ _______ ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars

Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Leaves Chloroplast _____________ _____________ Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll CO 2 _______________ sun

Bring In – ___________ Let Out – ___________ Move Around – ___________ So what does a plant need? 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++ roots shoot leaves

Leaf Structure (sugar) (water) (vein)

Leaf Structure

Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves – pulls water up from roots water molecules stick to each other – more water is pulled up tree from ground

Transpiration H2OH2OCO 2 O2O2 H2OH2O xylem (water) stomate guard cells O2O2  CO 2 in  O 2 out  water out  so it gets to leaves from roots

Function of Leaf Structures Cuticle – ________________________________________ Epidermis – ________________________________________ Palisades layer – ________________________________________ ________________________________________ – ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Spongy layer – ________________________________________ ________________________________________ – ________________________________________

Stomates & Guard Cells __________________________________ – ______________________________ gets to leaves for photosynthesis __________________________________ – ______________________________ guard cell stomate

Guard cells & Homeostasis Homeostasis – keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced ________________________ – ________________________ ________________________ – ________________________ ________________________ – ________________________ ________________________ – ________________________

Xylem ______________________

Phloem: food-conducting cells  _______________________ _______________________ ______________ __________________

How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ ________________ _________________ 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

H2OH2O Energy cycle Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! Where’s Mufasa? O2O2 CO 2 ____________________ ATP Cellular Respiration

H2OH2O Energy cycle __________ __________ _______ O2O2 CO 2 synthesis capture light energy digestion release chemical energy ATP _______ Cellular Respiration ____________________ Cellular Respiration

The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun air

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