Chapter 4

 Ethics  Beliefs, values & morals ▪ Used to determine right & wrong  Speakers who exercise free speech ▪ Are responsibility to speak ethically  Public Speaking Ethics (Clip) Public Speaking Ethics ▪ Speaker Credibility

 Speaking Freely  1 st Amendment ▪ Says no laws will abridge freedom of speech  Free Speech ▪ In the U.S. free speech is protected ▪ Free speech must be balanced with speaking ethically ▪ What could be a consequence of unethical speaking?

 Freedom of speech rulings  Congress declared it illegal ▪ To urge the violent overthrow of government  Supreme court narrowed the definition of Slander ▪ False speech that harms someone  Supreme court defended ▪ Burning of the U.S. Flag as a “Speech Act” ▪ Protected by the 1 st amendment

 Communications decency act – 1996 ▪ Imposed penalty for ▪ Transmitting/receiving obscene material online ▪ Ruled unconstitutional  Why would this law be ruled unconstitutional?  Patriot Act – ▪ Sparked debate over national security & free speech ▪ Should govt. be able to restrict or censor right to free speech

 Speaking ethically  Have a clear, responsible goal ▪ Goal should be clear to audience ▪ (Where should this be in your speech)  Use sound evidence & reasoning ▪ Ethical speakers ▪ Use analysis & evaluation ▪ Unethical speakers ▪ Use false claims & manipulate emotion

 Speaking ethically  Be sensitive to & tolerant of differences ▪ Accommodation ▪ Sensitivity to audience differences ▪ Willing to hear opposing viewpoints  Be honest ▪ Offering false/misleading info is an ethical violation

 Speaking ethically  Avoid Plagiarism – Stealing ideas ▪ Presenting others work as your own ▪ Plagiarism Clip 1 Plagiarism Clip 1  Cut & paste plagiarism ▪ Lacing speech with non-credited phrases found in a source

 Do own work ▪ Resist using others articles or speeches as own ▪ Penalty will be a failing grade ▪ Plagiarism clip 2 Plagiarism clip 2  Acknowledge sources - Items that need citations ▪ Direct quotes ▪ Opinions, assertions, ideas of others,  Even if paraphrased & (in your words) ▪ Statistics  Facts, research, etc ▪ Non-original visual materials

 Take careful notes ▪ In order to acknowledge sources ▪ Note down info accurately during research  Cite sources correctly ▪ How to cite a source when speaking?  Correct oral citation pg-32 (Citation Video) (Citation Video) ▪ Provide Date, ▪ Specify the type of source ▪ Give the title ▪ Provide author or source ▪ Pause, Quote source, Pause