Geography ~ a descriptive science dealing with the surface of the earth, its division into continents and countries, and climate~

Cardinal Directions  North  South  East  West

Projections Projections ~various plans to represent the earth~  Mercator Projection  Robinson Projection  Goode’s Interrupted Projection (Equal Area) (Equal Area)  Polar Projection

Mercator

Robinson

Goode’s Interrupted

Polar

Hemispheres  Northern  Southern  Eastern  Western

The Hemispheres

Longitude & Latitude  Longitude lines  Longitude lines = Vertical lines & Meridians ~ measures East and West (degrees) ~ runs North and South ~longitude starts at 0 degrees, known as the Prime Meridian.  Latitude lines  Latitude lines = Horizontal & parallel lines ~ measures North and South (degrees) ~ runs East and West ~latitude starts at 0 degrees, known as the Equator

How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid

Types of Maps  Cartography: – – Maps are produced by cartographers. Cartography refers both the study of maps and the process of map-making.  Political – –Boundaries – –Cities & Capitals – –Oceans  Physical (Topography) – –Deserts – –Mountains – –Lakes – –Swamps/marsh land – –Forestshttp://geography.about.com

Absolute Location   Definition: –A point on the earth's surface expressed by a coordinate system such as latitude and longitude.   Example: –I need to find that treasure using absolute location, not by some silly written description on the back of this old map!

Relative Location   Definition: –A location of a place in relation to another place (i.e. south or downhill).   Example: –The relative location of Kansas City, Missouri is just east of Kansas City, Kansas.